Exercise measurements

Bell Work Define BMI in your own words. What are body fat calculations measuring? In order to gain 1 pound of body weight per week, the consumption of an additional _____calories per day is needed. What weighs more? Muscle or Fat? 1lb. per week should be lost if ____fewer calories per day is eaten than normally

BMI BMI is defined as a person’s height (measured in meters) divided by the square of the persons weight (measured in kilograms) This gives a unit of kg/m2 but units are usually not included BMI criteria are as follows: Underweight = 18.5 Healthy = 18.5-24.9 Overweight = 25-29.9 Obese = >30

Body Composition Fat mass Fat-free or lean body mass Body Composition: Refers to all of the components that make up the body Divided into 2 main categories: Fat mass Fat-free or lean body mass Includes muscle, bone, fluids, and organs Most athletes are interested in the ratio of fat mass to total body mass which is commonly expressed as body fat percentage

Standard 22) Understand principles of, and successfully perform skills related to, biometric measurements, incorporating rubrics from National HOSA guidelines, textbooks, or clinical standards of practice for the following: BMI i. How to calculate ii. Importance of knowing iii. Myths and misconceptions b. Body fat percentage calculations c. Girth d. Waist and hip ratio e. Resting Heart rate f. Resting Blood pressure g. Resting Respiratory rate

Objectives By the end of class, students will be able to: Differentiate the methods for exercise physiology measurements Understand vital signs and how to take Heart Rate Respiratory Rate Blood Pressure Temperature

Measuring Tape Position for Waist (Abdominal) Circumference Measuring Girth Measuring Tape Position for Waist (Abdominal) Circumference

Waist and Hip ratio Waist-to-hip ratio (WHR) is the ratio of your waist circumference to your hip circumference Calculated by dividing the waist circumference by the hip circumference Measurement tool that looks at the proportion of fat stored on your waist, and hips and buttocks. Weight concentrated around the middle is often referred to as an “apple” shape; whereas, weight concentrated around your hips is referred to as a “pear” shape.

Pear vs. Apple Shaped Body

Waist to hip ratio In many cases, persons with extra weight located around the middle are at higher risk for diseases such as heart disease and diabetes than those who carry weight around their hips and thighs. Abdominal fat, when out of proportion to total body fat, may be considered an indicator of health risks. A waist circumference measurement of over 35 inches in women and over 40 inches in men may increase risk because of the fat distribution. It’s much better to carry weight as subcutaneous fat in the hips and thighs than as visceral fat in the belly.  The Body Mass Index (BMI) is more often used as the standard tool to measure overweight and obesity than the WHR.

Waist to Hip Ratio According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC): For men, a ratio of .90 or less is considered safe. For women, a ratio of .80 or less is considered safe. For both men and women, a WHR of 1.0 or higher is considered “at risk” for heart disease and other problems associated with being overweight.

Vital Signs Temperature Pulse Respirations Blood Pressure

PULSE The wave of blood created by the heart pumping, that travels along the arteries.

FIND WHERE TO PULSES At points where the artery is between finger tips and a bony area Called pulse points Felt with 2-3 fingers, but never the thumb

PULSE POINTS AND THEIR LOCATIONS Temporal Carotid Apical Brachial Radial Femoral Popliteal Dorsal Pedalis

HOW TO MEASURE? Measured in beats per minute Count the waves for 60 seconds Or, count the waves for 30 seconds - multiply by 2

NORMS Pulse norms are 60 - 100 beats per minute Pulses between 90 - 100 are in a gray area - high normal Faster than 100 - tachycardia Slower than 60 - bradycardia

QUALITY OF PULSE Rhythm: regular or irregular Rate: Within the normal limits Strength: Strong, bounding, thready

WHAT AFFECTS PULSE RATES AND QUALITY Body Temperature Emotions Activity Level Health of the Heart

RESPIRATION The mechanical act of breathing in air (inspiration) and expelling air (expiration) from the body

Measuring Respirations https://www.youtube.com/watch?annotation_id=annotation_649583&feature=iv&s rc_vid=sZtNF9yaLzo&v=n4xISnZRmkY

RESPIRATION Measured in breaths per minute Normal range is 12 - 24 breaths per minute Greater than 24 is tachypnea Less than 12 is bradypnea Watch for rate, depth, quality of breath, and difficulty in breathing

ABBREVIATIONS SOB - Short of breath WNL – Within Normal Limits P.O. - By mouth BID -Twice a day TID -Three times a day QID - Four times a day QD - Every day PRN - As needed B/P - Blood Pressure VS - Vital Signs

ABBREVIATIONS SOB PO WNL BID TID QID QD PRN B/P VS

TERMS Eupnea - Normal breathing Orthopnea - Sitting upright to breath more easily Apnea - No breath Hyperpnea - Fast, deep breathing Tachypnea - Fast, shallow breathing Bradypnea - Slow breathing Dyspnea - Painful or difficult breathing Tachycardia - Pulse rate in excess of 100 bpm Bradycardia - pulse rate less than 60 bpm

TERMS Eupnea Orthopnea Apnea Hyperpnea Tachypnea Bradypnea Dyspnea Tachycardia Bradycardia

TERMS Eupnea Orthopnea Apnea Hyperpnea Tachypnea Bradypnea Dyspnea Tachycardia Bradycardia

TERMS Normal Breathing Sitting upright to breath more easily Fast, deep breathing Fast, shallow breathing Slow breathing Painful or difficult breathing Pulse rate in excess of 100 beats per minute Pulse rate less that 60 beats per minute

Blood Pressure

Blood Pressure Video Blood pressure is the strength of your blood pushing against the sides of your blood vessels. When your heart beats, it pumps blood round your body to give it the energy and oxygen it needs. As the blood moves, it pushes against the sides of the blood vessels. The strength of this pushing is your blood pressure. If your blood pressure is too high, it puts extra strain on your arteries (and your heart) and this may lead to heart attacks and strokes. https://www.khanacademy.org/science/health-and- medicine/circulatory-system#blood-pressure-ddp

Blood Pressure Force /surface area = Blood Pressure Measured in Millimeters of Mercury (mmHg), ex 120/80 Measuring the Brachial Artery from your arm Systole – top Number (heart is squeezing) Diastole – Bottom number (heart is refilling)

Understanding Blood Pressure https://www.khanacademy.org/science/health-and-medicine/circulatory- system#blood-pressure-ddp

How to take a Blood Pressure Tools: Stethoscope, Blood Pressure cuff Silence – Noise = Turbulent Flow = Systolic Pressure Noise – Silence = Laminar Flow (blood flows so smoothly) = Diastolic Blood Pressure

How to take BP manually https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Gmic13mvsgo