Chapter 9 Growth of a Nation

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Presentation transcript:

Chapter 9 Growth of a Nation

____________held Canada to the north. Chapter 9 – Growth of a Nation pp. 163-165 Setting the Scene ____________held Canada to the north. ___________owned Florida & Mexico to the south. _____________ held all the land of Louisiana to the west.

Triumphs for the Democratic-Republicans Chapter 9 – Growth of a Nation pp. 163-165 Triumphs for the Democratic-Republicans Came to power in the election of 1800 with __________________________. favored a limited central government & __________ governments could best handle matters. Those who worked the soil, _____________, would be the best & most virtuous citizens. viewed Jefferson’s victory as one for the __________________& small government.

Thomas Jefferson was the first President to be inaugurated in ___________________the nation’s new capital.

Creation of the Capital ____________________- 1st architect of Washington D.C. The _________ Building would be at the center. Streets numbered north to south & lettered east to west.

Creation of the Capital L’Enfant is replaced with __________________. Ellicott is assisted by a free black man, Benjamin Banneker.

Reversing _________________ Policies Chapter 9 – Growth of a Nation pp. 163-165 Reversing _________________ Policies Allowed the Alien and Sedition Acts to expire. Congress repealed the _________________ Act. opposed a standing army and navy, instead relied on state militias (cheaper) repealed the _________________ of 1801 Many midnight judges never served. challenged several sitting Federalist judges based on political differences

Reversing Federalist Policies Sought to impeach _____________ judges Chapter 9 – Growth of a Nation pp. 163-165 Reversing Federalist Policies Sought to impeach _____________ judges defeated in his attempt to remove ______________ from the Supreme Court

Conquering the _________________ Chapter 9 – Growth of a Nation pp. 163-165 Conquering the _________________ Small Muslim countries in N. Africa, (the Barbary States) challenged America. They demanded annual tribute ($____ million) in order to trade in the Mediterranean. Jefferson refused to pay.

Conquering the Barbary Pirates Chapter 9 – Growth of a Nation pp. 163-165 Conquering the Barbary Pirates The pasha (ruler) of ____________ declared war on the U.S. Jefferson sent Commodore Richard Dale & Stephen Decatur to protect U.S. interests. They attempted a _______________ 1804, Decatur sailed into Tripoli’s harbor & seized the American ship ________________, which had been captured. Decatur rather than let Tripoli keep the ship, _______________ it. The Tripolitan War increased foreign respect for the U.S.

The ____________________________ Chapter 9 – Growth of a Nation pp. 165-169 The ____________________________ Port of _________________was vital to the U.S. Nearly _______ of U.S. trade passed through the Spanish owned port. 1800 Spain gave Louisiana back to _________. Jefferson sought to buy New Orleans and East and West Florida from France (led by Napoleon).

The Louisiana Purchase Chapter 9 – Growth of a Nation pp. 165-169 The Louisiana Purchase Jefferson suspected that ________________was planning a New World empire. French troops were stationed in ________(easy launching point into N. America) French troops moved to ___________ awaiting to cross the Atlantic.

The Louisiana Purchase Chapter 9 – Growth of a Nation pp. 165-169 The Louisiana Purchase __________________ , U.S. ambassador to France, was instructed to try to buy New Orleans & Florida. Jefferson preps for _______ with France.

Events that forced Napoleon to sale Louisiana Chapter 9 – Growth of a Nation pp. 165-169 Events that forced Napoleon to sale Louisiana _____________ epidemic in Haiti, ½ troops died _________ stranded his army in Holland. Napoleon reasoned he should defeat Britain 1st, controlling the seas & then handle a divided America. The $ he needed to fight Britain would come from the sale of Louisiana.

The Louisiana Purchase French foreign minister Talleyrand countered by offering the entire Louisiana Territory for $___ million. Robert Livingston had gone beyond his original instructions when he bought the Louisiana Territory. Jefferson hesitated briefly before sending the money because the _______________ did not give the power to purchase land for the nation. Livingston = American Ambassador to France Purchased for $15 Million

The Louisiana Purchase Jefferson was forced to choose between: The rule of __________ The ______________ of America He called _____________ into a special session & ask for the purchase _____________________, U.S. raised the Stars & Stripes over Louisiana. Livingston = American Ambassador to France Purchased for $15 Million

Benefits of the Louisiana Territory Chapter 9 – Growth of a Nation pp. 165-169 Benefits of the Louisiana Territory nearly ____________ the size of the United States _______ million acres (about 3 cents per acre) added _______________(raw materials, minerals, agricultural products) land for _____________

The ______________________ Meriwether Lewis- Jefferson’s secretary, led the first 2 expeditions. He chose William Clark to assist based on his wilderness experience (surveying, mapmaking, & naturalist)

The Lewis and Clark Expedition purpose Chapter 9 – Growth of a Nation pp. 165-169 The Lewis and Clark Expedition purpose make careful ___________ on the geology, botany, and zoology of the region gather information on natives they met search for the source of the Missouri River Seek ___________ of British troops report on any commercial possibilities

The Lewis and Clark Expedition Congress approved an expense of $2,500. Chapter 9 – Growth of a Nation pp. 165-169 The Lewis and Clark Expedition Congress approved an expense of $2,500. Trip actually cost $____________ Lewis & Clark also received 1600 acres.

Lewis & Clark Expedition Chapter 9 – Growth of a Nation pp. 165-169 Lewis & Clark Expedition At Fort Mandan (ND), a French fur trapper named Charbonneau joined the expedition. Charbonneau’s wife: Shoshone Indian guide and interpreter: ______________________ She had been stolen from her tribe. Expedition needed horses, met with Shoshone chief (her brother) Expedition accomplishments discovered countless plants, animals (including the grizzly bear), and Indian tribes spurred interest in the West

Lewis & Clark Expedition Chapter 9 – Growth of a Nation pp. 165-169 Lewis & Clark Expedition The expedition split up to explore the two branches of the Missouri River on the return trip. _________ navigated the upper Missouri __________ followed the Yellowstone River.

The _______________________ Zebulon Pike led the 2nd expedition Chapter 9 – Growth of a Nation pp. 165-169 The _______________________ Zebulon Pike led the 2nd expedition 1805: searched for the source of the Mississippi Informed the British that the American flag flew over the Louisiana Territory. 1806-7: explored the Arkansas River & Spanish-held territories Explored the Rockies and the Rio Grande Spanish captured him on the Rio Grande

Troubles for the Growing Nation Jefferson ran for reelection in ________. He dropped ________ from V.P.

Troubles for the Growing Nation ___________________ Vice-president in 1800, ignored by President Jefferson. Ran for governor of New York, Alexander Hamilton campaigned for Burr’s opponent. Killed ____________________ in a duel (Hamilton fired into the air) Tried to set up an empire in Louisiana and planned on setting up an empire in Mexico Charged with treason, never convicted Died in disgrace

__________________________ Chapter 9 – Growth of a Nation pp. 169-172 __________________________ Great Britain and France were at war and the United States sought to capitalize economically by trading with both. The war developed into a stalemate, so both countries attempted to destroy the other’s economy. U.S. gets caught up in the strategy

British and French Actions British blockaded all French ports. Chapter 9 – Growth of a Nation pp. 169-172 British and French Actions British blockaded all French ports. ____________________: forbade any neutral nation from trading in Europe without first being inspected by Great Britain French then blockaded British ports. ____________________: neutral ships trading with Britain or obeying the Orders in Council could be seized.

The __________________ and the Leopard Chapter 9 – Growth of a Nation pp. 169-172 The __________________ and the Leopard British sailors were deserting and some were joining the U.S. Navy. One deserter, Jenkin Ratford, served on the Chesapeake. Ratford insults his old officers while on shore leave. The H.M.S. Leopard attempted to search the U.S.S. Chesapeake for deserters (impressment) and fired on it when refused. Created tension

The Chesapeake and the Leopard Chapter 9 – Growth of a Nation pp. 169-172 The Chesapeake and the Leopard The Chesapeake affair stirred a desire for war Jefferson chose an ________________ plan: the U.S. would withhold goods & close ports to British & French

The _______________________ Chapter 9 – Growth of a Nation pp. 169-172 The _______________________ Jefferson asked Congress to enact an embargo _______________: a stop on all exports from the United States, prohibited free trade with Europe This hurt the _______ more than Britain Jefferson signed a new law in 1809 before leaving office

Chapter 9 – Growth of a Nation pp. 169-172 ________________ Act partially lifted the embargo and only restricted trade with France and Great Britain Leaders realize a need for a strong ________.

Difficulties for Madison The Embargo Act of 1807 proved to be the most important issue in the election of 1808. Jefferson’s support helped __________________ (Secretary of State) win the presidency. Defeated Charles Pinckney

_____________ Stirrings Chapter 9 – Growth of a Nation pp. 169-172 _____________ Stirrings American settlers in Indiana came under repeated Indian attacks, which they blamed on the English and the Canadians. Actually, Americans had treated the Indians unfairly with treaties that took away Indian land.

_______________________: “the hero of Tippecanoe” Chapter 9 – Growth of a Nation pp. 169-172 Indian Stirrings ___________________: Shawnee Chief, organized Indian tribes into a confederation in order to stop America’s westward expansion He & his brother gained a large following & established Prophetstown along the _____________________ River (aided by British troops & supplies) _______________________: “the hero of Tippecanoe” Defeated Tecumseh at Tippecanoe

1811, General William Henry Harrison marched to Prophetstown Chapter 9 – Growth of a Nation pp. 169-172 Indian Stirrings 1811, General William Henry Harrison marched to Prophetstown Burned the village but failed to capture Tecumseh _______________ joined the British in Canada & died in 1812 in the Battle of the Thames River

central issues that aroused thoughts of war Chapter 9 – Growth of a Nation pp. 173-177 The War of 1812 central issues that aroused thoughts of war ________________ neutral rights at sea _____________ interference with Indians along the American frontier

Work of the __________________ Chapter 9 – Growth of a Nation pp. 173-177 Work of the __________________ A group of 40 western & southern representatives formed a coalition in Congress. led by ____________of Kentucky United by their strong ____________________ pushed for war with Britain pushed for a stronger defense

The United States declared war on Great Britain on ________________ Chapter 9 – Growth of a Nation pp. 173-177 A Declaration of War U.S./Britain relations worsened because of British blockade & stopping American ships. ____________ was weakened by the loss of trade was ready to suspend its Order in Council (June 16th). The United States declared war on Great Britain on ________________ If ___________________ had been better, war would have been avoided.

__________________________ small army and navy (6,700) lack of funds Chapter 9 – Growth of a Nation pp. 173-177 __________________________ small army and navy (6,700) lack of funds poor communication networks poor leadership

Election of 1812 James Madison was supported during the War of 1812. He won the reelection in 1812.

Fighting the War in the ___________: The War in 1812 Chapter 9 – Growth of a Nation pp. 173-177 Fighting the War in the ___________: The War in 1812 Original U.S. plan was to attack ______________ Fort Dearborn (Chicago) fell to the British & the U.S. lost much of the Northwest.

Fighting the War in the North: The War in 1812 Chapter 9 – Growth of a Nation pp. 173-177 Fighting the War in the North: The War in 1812 U.S. met defeat on the Niagara peninsula, Queenstown, & New York (NY militia failed to cooperate) U.S. had success at sea U.S.S. Constitution nicknamed “_________________________” defeated the Guerriere United States defeated the Macedonian

Fighting for the ___________________: The War in 1813 Chapter 9 – Growth of a Nation pp. 173-177 Fighting for the ___________________: The War in 1813 William Henry Harrison was losing land battles because the British controlled the Great Lakes. ________________________ built a naval base on Lake Erie forced the British from the Great Lakes Perry wrote to General Harrison, “We have met the enemy, and they are ours!” drove the British out the Northwest

Invasions in the ___________: The War in 1814 Chapter 9 – Growth of a Nation pp. 173-177 Invasions in the ___________: The War in 1814 British successfully defeated the French in Europe (now focused on the U.S.)

Invasions in the East: The War in 1814 Chapter 9 – Growth of a Nation pp. 173-177 Invasions in the East: The War in 1814 British massed troops at Montreal & moved southward using Lake Champlain. _____________ goal: move down the Hudson River, take NY & cut off New England. 2nd Goal: move into the _______________ Bay, focusing then on Washington D.C. British successfully drove the militia back, leaving the _________________ open to attack

Invasions in the East: The War in 1814 Chapter 9 – Growth of a Nation pp. 173-177 Invasions in the East: The War in 1814 _____________ & President ____________ fled across the Potomac River to VA The British captured and burned every government building in Washington, D. C. (except for the Patent Office) ________________: saved 2 trunks of her husband’s papers & the silver. The last thing she saved was the painting of ________________________(servant cut the canvas & rolled it. Today it hangs in the East Room of the White House)

Invasions in the East: The War in 1814 Chapter 9 – Growth of a Nation pp. 173-177 Invasions in the East: The War in 1814 British launch a joint land-sea attack on ________________. British navy fired on __________________. The British were unable to take Fort McHenry.

Invasions in the East: The War in 1814 Chapter 9 – Growth of a Nation pp. 173-177 Invasions in the East: The War in 1814 ________________________ wrote "The Star-Spangled Banner.“ One of the American prisoners was a local physician, William Beanes. Key a lawyer in Washington, D.C., knew Beanes & was asked to help with his release. Key visited the British fleet in Chesapeake Bay & arranged for Beanes to be released. But the British began the attack on Fort McHenry Key watched the bombardment from the harbor throughout the night of September 13-14, 1814 At dawn he saw the flag was still waving.

The Battle of _____________________ Chapter 9 – Growth of a Nation pp. 173-177 The Battle of _____________________ 3rd prong of the British attack: Andrew Jackson: rushed troops from Baton Rouge to save the city of New Orleans. British attacked twice in January 1815, but were repelled by Jackson’s troops Battle of New Orleans: biggest American victory of the war (fought after the war had officially ended) _____________________ became the “Hero of New Orleans”

The Treaty of ____________, 1814 Chapter 9 – Growth of a Nation pp. 173-177 The Treaty of ____________, 1814 The American delegation was led by John Quincy Adams. The Treaty of ________________ Eve Ended the War of 1812 It failed to settle the key issue – __________________at sea.

gained international _______________ Chapter 9 – Growth of a Nation pp. 173-177 Results of the War of 1812 gained international _______________ inspired a sense of _______________, pride and patriotism for America created new national heroes (Jackson & Harrison) developed much of their own __________

ended conflict between France and Britain (Napoleon is defeated) Chapter 9 – Growth of a Nation pp. 173-177 Results of the War of 1812 ended conflict between France and Britain (Napoleon is defeated) affected both political parties _______________ party died out. The Democratic-Republicans began favoring a _____________ federal government.

The ____________________ A key event in the decline of the Federalist Party. Met in Hartford, Connecticut for 3 weeks in the winter of 1814-15 to discuss a course of action (opposed the war) Some talked of _______________ from the U.S.

The Hartford Convention Proposals: The ________________be changed to restrict the president to 1 term & to require that a territory receive approval from 2/3 of Congress before being admitted as a state. Repeal the _______________ Compromise Ban __________________ citizens from holding office