Enhancing climate resilience of the energy sector – IEA activities Kieran Clarke 53rd APEC EWG, Energy Resilience Task Force, 25 April, Singapore

near Melrose, South Australia Impacts on the energy sector Tacloban, Philippines Typhoon Haiyan 2013 near Melrose, South Australia Severe storms 2016 Resilience of the energy sector to climate change impacts is an emerging yet critical issue. In the Asia-Pacific, Typhoon Haiyan (2013) and the severe storm hitting South Australia (2016) are just two examples of climate-related risks faced by the energy sector. In 2015 and 2016, record-breaking temperatures in Southeast Asia and India caused record spikes in energy demand in Thailand and reduced hydropower output due to drought in Cambodia, Laos, India, and Vietnam, amongst others. Extreme events, as well as longer-term changes to precipitation patterns, temperature increase and sea-level rise, will affect energy demand, supply and infrastructure.

IEA energy sector climate resilience workstream Dialogue facilitation Forum on the Climate-Energy Security Nexus Data and modelling World Energy Outlook analysis Research and stocktaking Policies and Measures (PAMS) data base, in-depth country reviews, emergency response reviews Policy analysis Resilience policy brochure for COP 21 Policy analysis chapter in Energy, Climate Change and Environment: 2016 Insights publication

1. Dialogue Facilitation Organized 6 workshops on the Climate-Energy Security Nexus (“Nexus Forum”) convened hundreds of experts, government and industry representatives Implications for Business (Nov 2012) Cities and Insurance (June 2013) Electricity Sector Resilience (October 2013) Water & Energy (June 2014) Policies and Practices (November 2014) Emerging Best Practices and Lessons for North America (June 2016, Ottawa, Canada) Energy Sector Resilience in Asia (June 2017, Manila) The IEA has organized 6 Nexus Forum meetings since 2012. We have convened hundreds of experts from around the world and representing governments, industry, academia, financial institutions. Each workshop focused on a different theme. The last Nexus Forum took a regional focus in North America, and was the first to be held outside of North America. The next will be comprised of several sessions under the Asia Clean Energy Forum (ACEF) in Manila, between June 5-8.

2. Data and Modelling World Energy Outlook (WEO) 2012: water for energy chapter WEO Special Report 2013: energy infrastructure and climate resilience WEO 2015: analysis of water constraints on coal plants in China and India, and water needs of unconventional gas WEO 2016: chapter on water-energy nexus http://www.worldenergyoutlook.org/resources/water-energynexus/

Climate adaptation/resilience included in: 3. Research and stocktaking Climate adaptation/resilience included in: Policies and Measures Database In-depth reviews of energy policies Emergency response reviews Working towards systematic inclusion of resilience in these review and stocktaking processes Climate adaptation policies now included for some countries PAMS - currently about 100 policy entries that touch on resilience, with strong coverage of policies in US, Canada, Australia, and Europe. Including adaptation/resilience policies for all countries in PAMS remains a work in progress. IDRs now include questions on climate adaptation policies, so these aspects are systematically included in country energy policy reviews Emergency response reviews have only included climate risks in an ad-hoc manner, but we are working with the emergency response team to include these aspects in country questionnaires for the next review cycle

4. Policy analysis Chapter 7: Enhancing energy sector resilience to climate change: Government action and mobilising investment Policy brief for COP21 Two analytical pieces produced in 2015 (policy brief) and 2016 examine the role of government and business and highlight best practices in enhancing energy sector climate resilience. Policy brief: http://www.iea.org/topics/climatechange/subtopics/resilience/ Chapter: https://www.iea.org/publications/freepublications/publication/energy-climate-change-and-environment-2016-insights.html

Exploring inclusion of climate impacts in IEA modelling analysis Key themes going forward Continuing to promote dialogue amongst government, industry, and other experts through Nexus Forum meetings Incorporate climate change resilience aspects in relevant work areas at the IEA Engaging with key governments, industry, businesses to promote good policies and practices We plan to continue the resilience work by developing three themes: Continuing to promote dialogue IEA sees an important role in facilitating the share best practices and lessons learned, given this remains an emerging challenge for governments and energy companies Incorporating (mainstreaming) resilience aspects in all relevant work areas at the IEA Expand coverage of climate resilience policies in Policies and Measures Database Systematically include climate risks in emergency response reviews. Climate-related factors are included on an ad-hoc basis currently, but the emergency response team is keen to include climate more formally in their questionnaires. Exploring inclusion of climate impacts in IEA modelling analysis And deepening our engagement with governments and other stakeholders