During the first section

Slides:



Advertisements
Similar presentations
MULTI-CELLULAR VS. UNICELLULAR ORGANISMS
Advertisements

During the first section we discussed basics of marine science. Now we’ll begin taking a look at marine life and all of it’s diversity.
Protist.
Eukarya Eukarya includes all organisms with eukaryotic cells Examples: – plants – animals – fungi – algae – single-celled animal-like protozoa.
The Microbial World All three biological domains include microbial organisms (or “microorganisms”) Although microorganisms include some of the smallest.
Chapter 5 Marine Prokaryotes, Protists, Fungi and Plants All are primary producers which are capable of using light energy to perform photosynthesis.
UNICELLULAR MARINE ORGANISMS
Prokaryotes and “Kingdom Protista”. Domain bacteria Domain Archae The Prokaryotes.
Chapter 5 Marine Microbes
Primary Producers Plants and Plant-like Organisms.
Chapter 5 The Microbial World.
Diversity of Life. Kingdom Diversity of Life using ribosomal RNA sequence Carl Woese.
Exploring Diversity Protists.
Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. Chapter 5 Lecture Slides.
What are plankton? The word plankton comes from the Greek ‘planktos’, which means wandering or drifting. It describes the millions of free-floating organisms.
Diversity of Life- Eukaryotic Microbes. Diversity of Life Kingdom.
The 6 Kingdoms of Life. The grouping of organisms into Kingdoms is based on three factors: 1.Cell Type 2.Cell Number 3.Feeding Type.
Micro Organisms in the Ocean. Homework Read p What are the most important primary producers in many marine environments? What is the difference.
The Microbial World Shipley’s Marine Biology
Protists The kingdom protista is a diverse group that may include more than 200,000 species. A protist is any organism that is not a plant an animal,
Chapter 5 The Microbial World.
What are Dinoflagellates? Protists A type of Algae A major component of marine food chains 90% of dinoflagellates are aquatic Microscopic, largest are.
Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. Chapter 5 Lecture Slides.
Chapter 5 Marine Unicellular Protists & Plantlike Organisms.
Bacteria, Viruses and Protists. Bacteria What bacteria are? Are they important? One gram of soil can have billions of them.
Marine Microbes. What is a Microbe? All three domains: Unicellular Important as: –Primary producers –Consumers –Pathogens –Symbionts –Sediment producers.
The Microbial World Chapter 5 TmHlcMDIOQ.
 Most are unicellular  There are 3 groups  Animal like  Fungus like  Plant like  A protist is an eukaryote that is NOT a plant, animal or fungus.
Chapter 5 The Microbial World Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display.
© 2015 Pearson Education, Inc. PowerPoint Lectures Campbell Biology: Concepts & Connections, Eighth Edition REECE TAYLOR SIMON DICKEY HOGAN Chapter 16.
Chapter 4 The Energy of Life. Section 2 Objectives – page 46 How Matter and Energy Enter Living Systems Part 1.
All protists are eukaryotes. They are not plants, animals, or fungus!
Three Domains of Life.
Hello My Collegiate Stars !
The Microbial World Those of you that went on the field trip saw many of these under the microscope after you caught them in the plankton nets.
Prokaryotes and “Kingdom Protista”
Chapter 5 Protists: Protozoa and Algae
Bio Productivity and energy transfer.
Kingdom Protista IN 253, 255.
Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall
Chapter 5 Marine Unicellular Protists & Plantlike Organisms
Unicellular Marine Organisms
Primary Producers of the Marine Environment;
Honors Marine Biology Module 3
Marine Life Phytoplankton
Microbes and Producers Ch. 5 and 6
PROTISTS.
Organizing the diversity
Chapter 5 Lecture Slides
Bacteria, Protists, and Plants
Chapter 5 Microbes.
Bacteria, Protists, & Fungi
The Microbial World. The Microbial World Introduction We begin our survey of ocean life with the smallest of marine organisms, the bacteria and archea.
Chapter 5 Bacteria: Diatoms / Dinoflagellates
Taxonomic Groups Biology 8(C).
Protists.
Chapter 5 The Microbial World.
Kingdom ProtistA.
Kingdom Protista.
Protist and Fungi You will be able to explain how protists and fungi are similar and different than other common microscopic organisms.
Kingdom Protista.
Protists.
Ch 17 Protists.
BACTERIA.
Bacteria & Viruses Chapter 19.
Protists and Fungi.
(bkgd)Comstock Images/PictureQuest
Eukaryotic Evolution & Diversity
Chapter 19 Protists.
Chapter 5 The Microbial World.
Presentation transcript:

During the first section we discussed basics of marine science. Now we’ll begin taking a look at marine life and all of it’s diversity.

The Microbial World

Introduction We begin our survey of ocean life with the smallest of marine organisms, the bacteria and archea. Both groups contain members which are capable of photosynthesis an are known as primary producers. These primary producers are responsible for directly or indirectly feeding most marine organisms.

From the largest… Whale shark, Rhincodon typus

To the smallest… Octopus larvae

Prokaryotes The first organisms we will consider will be the prokaryotes. Prokaryotes are the smallest, simplest (and oldest) organisms around. Unlike other animals we will study, prokaryotes lack a nucleus. Two main categories of prokayotes are Archea and Bacteria

Marine bacteria take on many shapes, including spheres such as Thiomargarita namibiensis, a benthic bacteria which can be seen with the naked eye. Other shapes include rods, rings and spirals. Some may form into large calcium containing mounds (stromatolites). Still others break down organics and cycle nutrients. Stromatolites, Exuma Cays, B.I

Life and Death Perhaps one of the most interesting evolutions of bacteria cocerns the development of bioluminescence and toxins (tetrodotoxin). Whether used as a flashlight fish’s trick for attracting prey, or giving a good buzz to your sushi, bacteria occupy some amazing niches in the marine world!

Cyanobacteria: Red Tide Planktonic spp. such as cyanobacteria (which can cause red tides) often multiply very rapidly. The contain red pigments. They also can be caused by dinoflagellates (photo).

Archea: Extreme Conditions Archea are similar to bacteria, but they are able to tollerate conditions most other bacteria wouldn’t dream of being caught around. Some are able to tollerate temperatures near hydrothermal vents (176°F, 80°C).

Prokaryotic Metabolism

How do you eat?? Many bacteria (autotrophs) are perfectly capable of feeding themselves, making their own organic compounds by photo- or chemosynthesis. Bacterial photosynthesis is different than that found in plants (i.e. you might produce S instead of O2). Some autotrophs which produce methane as biproducts are being used to meet our energy needs.

How do you eat (cont.)?? Bacteria which utilize other sources of carbon (organics) to exist are known as heterotrophs. Many heterotrophs are involved in decay processes and some even exist in anoxic (no O2) conditions. Still others are actively fixing nitrogen from gas to molecules which other animals can use as food during primary production.

Unicellular Algae Being composed of one cell isn’t an evolutionary dead end. Alagae, Diatoms, Dinoflagellates, and Radiolarans all have been aound for millions of years (if not billions). Being eukaryotic, unicellular organisms such as these use a variety of methods to eat, metabolize, and reproduce. As a group these organisms are known as Protist!

Diatoms contain many organelles that enable them to exist under potentially harsh conditions. Most diatoms constist of strikingly delicate outter shells of SiO2 (frustules) which provide limited protection and light penetration.

Diatoms reproduce asexually (cell division) and sexually (auxospore), depending on external conditions.

Dinoflagellates exhibit two flagella which permit movement. Theca Groove One flagella is located within the groove and the other is located at the lower end (not visible). Dinoflagellate, Gonyaulax polyedra

Slilicoflagellates are characterized by star-shaped internal skeletons. Some may be used for aging marine sediments.

Still others, like these Coccolithophorids are surrounded by shells of calcium carbonate (CaCO3) and are responsible for significant primary production! Umbilicosphaera sibogae

Some eukaryotes are more like animals than like plants! In fact, having a single cell is about the only thing that these critters have in common with other eukaryotes we have observed. Foraminiferans and radiolarans utilize specialized pseudopodia (spine-like projections) to capture food.

The outer shell, or test, is made of CaCO3 and serves as a protective structure.

Ciliates are protozoans which utilize cillia for feeding and in some cases locomotion.

Bahia Fosforescente, Puerto Rico