GREETINGS MY FELLOW VIKINGS GREETINGS MY FELLOW VIKINGS! As you come aboard this ship, take a packet off the front table. 1.Complete the opening bell-ringer that deals with finding 5 elements of being a good king or queen! 2. Write down your homework! 3. Get out paper for notes!

After the Fall of Rome To preserve Rome during its imminent collapse, Constantine moved the capital & legalized Christianity For the next 1,000 years, Constantinople became the headquarters of the Byzantine Empire By 543- managed to recapture most of North Africa

How did the Byzantines manage to acquire such wealth & avoid invasion for so long?

Mosaics: pictures created with tiny colored tiles fitted together & cemented into place

Accomplishments of Justinian Reconquered some territories lost during the fall of Rome Coded and simplified Roman laws Extended rights to women Encouraged architecture & the preservation of Greco- Roman culture & knowledge

The Great Schism of 1054 Religion became a dividing factor for the empire by the 700s Use of icons (paintings or sculptures of sacred figures) became a point of contention between emperor of Constantinople & pope of Rome Theological & differences in church governance also contributed to tension 1054- Great Schism (split) occurred Orthodox Church of the East/ Roman Catholic Church of the West Great Schism ruined the unified Byzantine Empire & made it difficult to withstand invasion

Wrapping things up... How did the Byzantines manage to acquire such wealth & avoid invasion for so long? What were the accomplishments of Emperor Justinian? Why was Justinian and Theodora’s marriage so controversial? What was the connection between religion & government in the Byzantine Empire? What is the Great Schism of 1054 and how did it contribute to the decline of the Byzantines? Reading for Wednesday 11/13: pgs. 347-353, 361-365 (There will be a quiz!)

Charlemagne’s Rise to Power Military was the foundation of his strategy Every year he selected an enemy to battle & incorporated lands he conquered by forming alliances with local rulers When the Lombards attacked the Papal States in 774, his army answered the pope’s call for help Pope Leo III grants him the title of Emperor of the Roman people as a gesture of thanks

Charlemagne’s Reign Made changes to government structure Established a central government with a permanent capital Chose counts to rule parts of the empire in his name & sent inspectors around to supervise them Enjoyed learning & pushed for counts to be educated Wanted to preserve & spread Christianity Developed written legal code that incorporated laws of conquered people & Christianity

Charlemagne’s Decline While he attempted to rekindle an interest in learning & united Europe into one nation, he failed to address technological/economic issues Roads & bridges decayed Manufacturing became localized & trade vanished After he died, regional counts became kings who grew strong These kings caused disunion and couldn’t withstand Viking invasions

Unit Details VTN: Comparative History of Major Developments Central Unit Question: How did religion and political systems shape the lives of Europeans during the early Middle Ages? Habit of Mind: #3 Suspending judgment, put yourself in someone’s shoes from the time period

Strategy & Technology Lived in rural settlements where farming & fishing was prevalent Soil not very fertile, population boomed & food shortages became a reason for raiding Targeted coastal monasteries Fast moving ships (long ships) Navigation tools: whale observation, raven releasing, sunstone, sunboard

Religion & Language Practiced Norse paganism & worshipped many gods Odin- father of all gods, giver or knowledge Freya- undertaker, goddess of beauty Thor- battle god, son of Odin, dude with hammer Regularly feasted, celebrated gods seasonally with human & animal sacrifice Had alphabet based off of Germanic letters known as Runes

Viking Social Structure Because many women were widowed or left alone for long stretches of time, they had many freedoms Women ruled & defended households Managed farms & slaves Had the right to property & divorce Shield maidens are mentioned in Norse sagas but are most likely fictional Historical evidence that women have traveled with men on exploration & trade related voyages

Wrapping things up... Where did Vikings come from? How geographic conditions force the Vikings to turn to raiding? What navigation technology did the Vikings use and why did they target monasteries? Describe Viking religion and social structure. Journal Assignment due next Thursday in class or on edmodo by 12 am.