Earth & Moon Study Guide Chapter 19 Earth & Moon Study Guide

1. Rotation is spinning of the earth on its axis

2. Orbit the Earth’s path around the sun

3. Revolution the movement of one object around another

4. Axis imaginary line that passes through the center of the earth and the North and South poles

5. Equinox equal night, when the sun is directly over the Equator

6. Solstice When the sun reaches its greatest distance North or South of the equator

7. Gravity A force that attracts all objects to each other

8. Newton’s First Law of Motion an object at rest will stay at rest, and an object in motion will stay in motion until another force acts on it

9. Inertia The tendency of an object to resist a change in motion

10. Perigee point of the moon’s orbit CLOSEST to the earth

11. Apogee point of the moon’s orbit FARTHEST from the earth

12. Eclipse A partial or total blocking of an object in space

13. Tides the rise and fall of the oceans

14. Lunar Eclipse Type of eclipse that occurs when the earth is between the sun and the moon and occurs with a full moon

15. Solar Eclipse Type of eclipse that occurs when the Moon is directly between the Earth & the sun where it blocks sunlight

16. Moon Phases the shapes of the moon as seen from the earth

17. What are the effects of the earth’s tilt? Seasons Different Length of day light hours

18. What is the relationship between the seasons in the north & south hemisphere? Opposite Summer in Northern and Winter in Southern

19. Moon Phase Chart Means Left/ Right Comes Before Comes After Waxing Growing RIGHT Full Moon NEW MOON Waning Shrinking Left New Moon FULL MOON

19. Moon Phase Chart pt. 2 Meaning Looks Like Crescent A small sliver of the moon is showing Banana Gibbous More than ½ but less than full Lemon

20. What did Galileo see when he looked at the moon through the telescope Maria-dark areas Craters-pits Highlands-mountains

21. What is the gravity of the moon compared to earth’s gravity? 1/6 of earth’s gravity

22. What is the difference between apogee & perigee? Apogee-when moon is farthest from earth (APART) Perigee-when moon is closest to earth

23. Draw the earth on it’s tilt, and label the tilt. 23.50

24. Eclipse Chart Type SOLAR Lunar Earth’s Position Sun Earth Moon Sun Moon Earth Sun Earth Moon Moon Phase NEW MOON FULL MOON What is happening MOON BLOCKS SUNLIGHT Moon is in Earth’s shadow

25. Tides Chart Tides Position Occurs… Water Level Spring Straight Line New & Full Moon Very high and low tide NEAP 90 Degrees 1st & 3rd Quarter Moon Not very high tide

26. Solstice & Equinox Chart Date First day of… Length of Day… Winter Solstice December 21 Winter Shortest Day Summer Solstice June 21 Summer Longest Day Autumnal Equinox September 22 (around 21) Fall Equal day & night Vernal Equinox March 21 Spring

27. Motion of Earth Chart Rotation REVOLUTION Description Spinning of Earth on Axis One Object Moving around another Causes Days/Nights SEASONS & YEAR

28. What does the moon orbit? The moon goes around the earth

29. What does Earth revolve around? The earth revolves around the SUN

30. Why do we always see the same side of the moon? It takes the same amount of time to rotate as it does to revolve

31. Moon Phases New Moon Waxing Crescent First Quarter Waxing Gibbous Full Moon Waning Gibbous Third Quarter Waning Crescent

32. What are the effects of their being no atmosphere on the moon? Extreme Temperature changes Many Craters

33. What part of the moon is visible during… Percent Fraction a. 1st quarter? 25% ¼ b. Full Moon? 50% ½ C. 3rd Quarter? 25% ¼ D. New Moon? 0% 0/4 = 0

34. What part of the moon is not visible during… Percent Fraction a. 1st quarter? 75% ¾ b. Full Moon? 50% ½ C. 3rd Quarter? 75% ¾ D. New Moon? 100% 4/4 = 1

35. On Earth, Barney weighed 250 pounds, with his suit and backpack on 35. On Earth, Barney weighed 250 pounds, with his suit and backpack on. Pluto’s gravitational pull is only 13% of Earth’s. How much did Barney weigh on Pluto? 13% x 250 = 32.5 pounds .13 x 250 = 32.5 pounds

36. A wave is 5 meters high during high tide and 1 36. A wave is 5 meters high during high tide and 1.7 meters high during low tide. How much higher are waves during high tide than low tide? 5 – 1.7 = 3.3 meters