Our Vision – Healthy Kansans living in safe and sustainable environments.

Revisions to National Ambient Air Quality Standards for Ozone and Particulate Matter Douglas Watson Kansas Air Quality Seminar March 5-6, 2008 Kansas Department of Health and Environment Bureau of Air and Radiation Our Vision – Healthy Kansans living in safe and sustainable environments.

Under section 109(d) of the Clean Air Act, EPA must review each of its National Ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAQS) every five years.

Our Vision - Healthy Kansans living in safe and sustainable environments. Particulate Matter

Our Vision - Healthy Kansans living in safe and sustainable environments. Revisions to Particulate Matter Standards PM 2.5 Standards Review completed in 2006 EPA strengthened the 24-hr PM 2.5 standard from 1997 level of 65 micrograms per cubic meter (μg/m 3 ) to 35μg/m 3, and EPA retained the current annual PM 2.5 standard at 15μg/m 3

Our Vision - Healthy Kansans living in safe and sustainable environments. Revisions to Particulate Matters Standards Attainment of PM 2.5 Standards Attainment of PM 2.5 Standards 24-Hour Standard 24-Hour Standard An area will meet the 24-hour standard if the 98th percentile of 24-hour PM 2.5 concentrations in a year, averaged over three years, is less than or equal to the level of the standard of 35 μg/m 3 Annual Standard Annual Standard An area will meet the annual PM 2.5 standard when the three-year average of the annual average PM 2.5 concentration is less than or equal to 15 μg/m 3

Our Vision - Healthy Kansans living in safe and sustainable environments. Revisions to Particulate Matters Standards PM 10 Standards PM 10 Standards EPA retained the existing national 24-hr PM 10 standard of 150μg/m 3 EPA revoked the annual PM 10 standard, Available evidence generally does not suggest a link between long-term exposure to current levels of coarse particles and health problems EPA protecting all Americans from effects of short-term exposure to inhalable coarse particles by retaining the existing daily PM 10 standard of 150μg/m 3

Our Vision - Healthy Kansans living in safe and sustainable environments. Revisions to Particulate Matter Standards Attainment of PM 10 Standards Attainment of PM 10 Standards An area will meet the 24-hour PM 10 standard when the 150μg/m 3 level is not exceeded more than once per year on average over a three year period

Our Vision - Healthy Kansans living in safe and sustainable environments. Revisions to Particulate Matters Standards

Our Vision - Healthy Kansans living in safe and sustainable environments. Revisions to Particulate Matters Standards

Our Vision - Healthy Kansans living in safe and sustainable environments. Revisions to Particulate Matters Standards

Our Vision - Healthy Kansans living in safe and sustainable environments. 8-hour Ozone

Our Vision - Healthy Kansans living in safe and sustainable environments. Proposed Revisions to Ozone Standard On June 20, 2007, EPA proposed revisions to the National Ambient Air Quality Standards for ground-level ozone On June 20, 2007, EPA proposed revisions to the National Ambient Air Quality Standards for ground-level ozone The proposed revisions reflect new scientific evidence about ozone and its effects on people and public welfare The proposed revisions reflect new scientific evidence about ozone and its effects on people and public welfare The proposed revisions would affect two types of ozone standards: The proposed revisions would affect two types of ozone standards: Primary standards to protect public health, including the health of sensitive populations such as people with asthma, children, and older adults Primary standards to protect public health, including the health of sensitive populations such as people with asthma, children, and older adults Secondary standards to protect public welfare and the environment, including sensitive vegetation and ecosystems Secondary standards to protect public welfare and the environment, including sensitive vegetation and ecosystems

Our Vision - Healthy Kansans living in safe and sustainable environments. Proposed Revisions to Ozone Standard Current standards were set in 1997 (most recent revision) Current standards were set in 1997 (most recent revision) Primary (health-based) and secondary (welfare-based) standards are both 0.08 parts per million (ppm), with an 8-hour averaging time Primary (health-based) and secondary (welfare-based) standards are both 0.08 parts per million (ppm), with an 8-hour averaging time Because of rounding, these standards are effectively ppm Because of rounding, these standards are effectively ppm EPA, states and tribes collect data about ozone levels from air pollution monitors. It takes three consecutive years of data to determine if an area is meeting (attaining) the standards EPA, states and tribes collect data about ozone levels from air pollution monitors. It takes three consecutive years of data to determine if an area is meeting (attaining) the standards An area attains the current standards if: the three-year average of the annual fourth-highest daily maximum 8-hour average ozone concentration measured at each monitor does not exceed ppm An area attains the current standards if: the three-year average of the annual fourth-highest daily maximum 8-hour average ozone concentration measured at each monitor does not exceed ppm EPAs Current Ozone Standards

Our Vision - Healthy Kansans living in safe and sustainable environments. Proposed Revisions to Ozone Standard Proposed Revisions to Primary Ozone Standard The EPA Administrator has determined that the current standard is not sufficient to protect public health. The EPA Administrator has determined that the current standard is not sufficient to protect public health. EPA proposes that a standard set within the range of to ppm would protect public health with an adequate margin of safety EPA proposes that a standard set within the range of to ppm would protect public health with an adequate margin of safety EPA allowed comment on a range of alternative levels for the standard down to ppm and up to the level of the current standard EPA allowed comment on a range of alternative levels for the standard down to ppm and up to the level of the current standard EPA also proposes to specify the level of the primary standard to the nearest thousandth ppm (third decimal place) EPA also proposes to specify the level of the primary standard to the nearest thousandth ppm (third decimal place)

Our Vision - Healthy Kansans living in safe and sustainable environments. Exposures to ozone can: Reduce lung function, more difficult to breathe Reduce lung function, more difficult to breathe Irritate airways, causing cough, sore throat, shortness of breath Irritate airways, causing cough, sore throat, shortness of breath Increased frequency of asthma attacks Increased frequency of asthma attacks Inflame and damage the lining of lung Inflame and damage the lining of lung Increase susceptibility to respiratory infection Increase susceptibility to respiratory infection Aggravate chronic lung diseases like asthma, emphysema, and bronchitis Aggravate chronic lung diseases like asthma, emphysema, and bronchitis Proposed Revisions to Ozone Standard

Our Vision - Healthy Kansans living in safe and sustainable environments. Proposed Revisions to Ozone Standard

Our Vision - Healthy Kansans living in safe and sustainable environments. Proposed Revisions to Ozone Standard Proposed Revisions to Secondary Ozone Standard EPA is proposing two alternatives for the secondary ozone standard: EPA is proposing two alternatives for the secondary ozone standard: A new cumulative, seasonal standard, or A new cumulative, seasonal standard, or A standard identical to the proposed primary standard A standard identical to the proposed primary standard The proposed new seasonal standard is known as W126 The proposed new seasonal standard is known as W126 W126 is a cumulative index form that weights and sums hourly measurements over a given period of time W126 is a cumulative index form that weights and sums hourly measurements over a given period of time EPA is proposing both a daily and seasonal time period over which to cumulate the weighted hourly measurements during the ozone season: EPA is proposing both a daily and seasonal time period over which to cumulate the weighted hourly measurements during the ozone season: A 12-hour daily period A 12-hour daily period And a seasonal period consisting of the three months of maximum W126 index value And a seasonal period consisting of the three months of maximum W126 index value

Our Vision - Healthy Kansans living in safe and sustainable environments. Proposed Revisions to Ozone Standards

Our Vision - Healthy Kansans living in safe and sustainable environments. Proposed Revisions to Ozone Standard MilestoneDate SignatureFinal Rule March 2008 Effective Day of Rule (60 days following publication in Federal Register) Approximately June 2008 State Designation Recommendations to EPA June 2009 (based on monitoring data) Final Designations Signature Approximately June 2010 Effective Date of Designation Approximately 2010 SIPs Due Approximately 2013 Attainment Dates depending on severity of problem

Our Vision - Healthy Kansans living in safe and sustainable environments. Kansas City Ozone 2007 Ozone Season 2007 Ozone Season Low 4 th highest daily maximum 8-hr average ozone concentrations from the 2004 ozone season for monitors in the Kansas City area drop off the 3-year average Low 4 th highest daily maximum 8-hr average ozone concentrations from the 2004 ozone season for monitors in the Kansas City area drop off the 3-year average Cool and wet summer in the region led to low ozone concentrations for the 2004 ozone season Cool and wet summer in the region led to low ozone concentrations for the 2004 ozone season 2005 and 2006 ozone seasons in Kansas City yielded many days in which monitors exceeded levels of the standard 2005 and 2006 ozone seasons in Kansas City yielded many days in which monitors exceeded levels of the standard Stage was set for Kansas City to violate ozone standard Stage was set for Kansas City to violate ozone standard Violation occurred mid-June Violation occurred mid-June

Our Vision - Healthy Kansans living in safe and sustainable environments. Kansas City Ozone Understanding the 8-hour Ozone Standard Understanding the 8-hour Ozone Standard The 3-year average of the 4 th highest daily maximum 8-hr average ozone concentrations measured at each monitor within an area over each year must not exceed 0.08 ppm The 3-year average of the 4 th highest daily maximum 8-hr average ozone concentrations measured at each monitor within an area over each year must not exceed 0.08 ppm A 3-year average of the 4 th highest daily maximum 8-hr average ozone concentration greater than or equal to ppm is considered a violation of the ozone standard A 3-year average of the 4 th highest daily maximum 8-hr average ozone concentration greater than or equal to ppm is considered a violation of the ozone standard

Our Vision - Healthy Kansans living in safe and sustainable environments.

Kansas City Ozone 2007 Ozone Season Update 2007 Ozone Season Update Three sites currently have averages of the 4 th highest daily maximum 8-hr average ozone concentrations in violation of standard Three sites currently have averages of the 4 th highest daily maximum 8-hr average ozone concentrations in violation of standard Rocky Creek = ppm Rocky Creek = ppm Liberty = ppm Liberty = ppm Trimble = ppm Trimble = ppm

Our Vision - Healthy Kansans living in safe and sustainable environments. Kansas City Ozone 2007 Ozone Season Update 2007 Ozone Season Update Kansas Monitors ( Design Values) Kansas Monitors ( Design Values) Kansas City, KS – JFK = ppm Kansas City, KS – JFK = ppm Leavenworth = ppm Leavenworth = ppm Heritage Park = ppm Heritage Park = ppm

Our Vision - Healthy Kansans living in safe and sustainable environments. Kansas City Ozone

Our Vision - Healthy Kansans living in safe and sustainable environments. QUESTIONS??

Our Vision – Healthy Kansans living in safe and sustainable environments.