By: Mr. Godinez

Evolution: process by which modern organisms have descended from ancient organisms, by change over time Theory: is a well-supported testable explanation of phenomena that have occurred in the natural world GRAVITY

Species: a group of individuals that can potentially interbreed Species Population: a discrete group of potentially interbreeding organisms in the same species in a given locality

Evolution by Natural Selection Struggle for existence: members of each species compete regularly to obtain food, living space, and other necessities of life. Fitness: ability of an individual to survive and reproduce in its specific environment Adaptation: any inherited characteristic that increase an organism change of survival

Survival of the fittest: individuals that are better suited for their environment-with adaptations that enable fitness-survive and reproduce most successfully. Natural selection: results in the changes in the inherited characterits of a population. These changes increase a species fitness in its environment.

Historic Context 1785-James Hutton 1798-Thomas Malthus Estimates earth to be millions of years old-Earth is OLD 1798-Thomas Malthus Principles of Population-idea that earth cannot support a lot of humans- Limited Resources  Competition 1809-Jean-Baptiste Lamarck Inheritance of acquired traits-mechanism for how organisms change- Allowed for Idea to be Challenged

Historic Context 1831-Charles Darwin 1858-Alfred Wallace Voyage on Beagle-gathers evidence leading to his theory of evolution- Observation of species diversity/variation 1858-Alfred Wallace Comes to a similar discovery of evolution through natural selection- Competition to publish theory First 1959-Charles Darwin Published the Origin of Species

Lamarck’s Evolution Hypothesis Lamarck proposed that By selective use or disuse of organs, organisms acquired or lost certain traits during their lifetime. Traits could then be passed on to their offspring. Over time, this process led to change in a species

Darwin’s Evolution Hypothesis Darwin proposed that Environment selects for traits, that would result in the survival of organisms Organisms acquired or lost certain traits through generations. Traits could then be passed on to their offspring. Over time, this process led to change in a species

Defining Evolution Evolution is a consequence of the interaction of four factors: The potential for a species to increase in number The genetic variation of individuals in a species due to mutation and sexual reproduction Competition for an environment’s limited supply of the resources that individuals need in order to survive and reproduce The resulting proliferation of those organisms that are better able to survive and reproduce in that environment.

Artificial Selection Artificial selection: nature provided that variation, and humans selected those variations that they found useful. Led to domestication of animals and crops(plants)

Descent with modification: species today look different from ancestors Descent with modification: species today look different from ancestors. Each living species had descended, with changes, from other species over time. Common descent, all species-living and extinct-were derived from common acnetors.