Usability & Human Factors Unit 12b Information Visualization and Information Rich Interfaces

Hypervariate data sets Implementation: scaling (in space or time) Scaling in space: use different portion of the screen to show overview of the whole data set and detail of the selected subset Scaling in time: alternate between overview of the whole set and detail of the selected subset sequentially in the same space Solution: overview of the whole set and details of the selected subset Common problem: many data sets are too large to visualize on one screen Component 15/Unit 12b Health IT Workforce Curriculum Version 1.0/Fall 2010

Health IT Workforce Curriculum Version 1.0/Fall 2010 Scaling Variation in space Can overview and detail co-exist in the same space? Distortion Fish-eye view Bifocal display Perspective wall Component 15/Unit 12b Health IT Workforce Curriculum Version 1.0/Fall 2010

Health IT Workforce Curriculum Version 1.0/Fall 2010 Scaling George Furnas 1981 Shneiderman: Provide[s] detailed view (focus) and overview (context) without obscuring anything… The focus area (or areas) is magnified to show detail, while preserving the context, all in the single display. Fish-eye view 1D Fisheye 2D Fisheye Component 15/Unit 12b Health IT Workforce Curriculum Version 1.0/Fall 2010

Health IT Workforce Curriculum Version 1.0/Fall 2010 Scaling Fish-eye view Examples: Fish-eye views for long menus Bederson UIST’00 http://www.cs.umd.edu/hcil/fisheyemenu/ Component 15/Unit 12b Health IT Workforce Curriculum Version 1.0/Fall 2010

Health IT Workforce Curriculum Version 1.0/Fall 2010 Scaling Fish-eye viewzz Examples: Fish-eye views for graphs http://www.aisee.com/manual/unix/29.htm Component 15/Unit 12b Health IT Workforce Curriculum Version 1.0/Fall 2010

Health IT Workforce Curriculum Version 1.0/Fall 2010 Scaling Bifocal display First suggested by Spence and Apperley (1980) Component 15/Unit 12b Health IT Workforce Curriculum Version 1.0/Fall 2010

Health IT Workforce Curriculum Version 1.0/Fall 2010 Scaling Bifocal display Examples Early implementation Spence – 1980? http://www.iis.ee.ic.ac.uk/~r.spence/videos.htm Component 15/Unit 12b Health IT Workforce Curriculum Version 1.0/Fall 2010

Health IT Workforce Curriculum Version 1.0/Fall 2010 Scaling Perspective Wall Perspective wall Bifocal display Component 15/Unit 12b Health IT Workforce Curriculum Version 1.0/Fall 2010

Health IT Workforce Curriculum Version 1.0/Fall 2010 Scaling Perspective Wall Examples: Map work charts onto diagram x-axis is time, y-axis is project (Mackinlay, Robertson, Card ’91) Component 15/Unit 12b Health IT Workforce Curriculum Version 1.0/Fall 2010

Health IT Workforce Curriculum Version 1.0/Fall 2010 Scaling Perspective wall Examples: File navigation http://www.cs.ubc.ca/~tmm/courses/cpsc533c-03-spr/0127.quanzhengeng.ppt Component 15/Unit 12b Health IT Workforce Curriculum Version 1.0/Fall 2010

Health IT Workforce Curriculum Version 1.0/Fall 2010 Scaling Magic Lens Panning and Zooming Variation in time Component 15/Unit 12b Health IT Workforce Curriculum Version 1.0/Fall 2010

Health IT Workforce Curriculum Version 1.0/Fall 2010 Scaling Magic Lens http://www2.parc.com/istl/projects/MagicLenses/SimpleDemo.html Component 15/Unit 12b Health IT Workforce Curriculum Version 1.0/Fall 2010

Health IT Workforce Curriculum Version 1.0/Fall 2010 Scaling Panning and Zooming Panning – smooth movement of camera across scene (or scene moves and camera stays still) Zooming – increasing or decreasing the magnification of the objects in a scene http://www.cs.umd.edu/hcil/jazz/play/hinote-0.5/jazz-mid-talk.html Component 15/Unit 12b Health IT Workforce Curriculum Version 1.0/Fall 2010

Hierarchies and Trees Definition Hierarchies in the world Data repository in which cases are related to subcases Hierarchies in the world Family histories File/directory Organizational chart Object-oriented software classes Main representation Node-link Space-filling Component 15/Unit 12b Health IT Workforce Curriculum Version 1.0/Fall 2010

Node-link Hierarchies Root at top Image source: “Data structures and file handling: Tree-Maps: a space-filling approach to the visualization of hierarchical information structures”, Brian Johnson, Ben Shneiderman Component 15/Unit 12b Health IT Workforce Curriculum Version 1.0/Fall 2010

Node-link Hierarchies Examples Problems Quickly fills out screen real estate Difficult to maintain overview of the structure Component 15/Unit 12b Health IT Workforce Curriculum Version 1.0/Fall 2010

Node-link Hierarchies Potential solutions Cone Trees (PARC, Robertson, Mackinlay, Card) Component 15/Unit 12b Health IT Workforce Curriculum Version 1.0/Fall 2010

Health IT Workforce Curriculum Version 1.0/Fall 2010 Space-filling Treemap examples Component 15/Unit 12b Health IT Workforce Curriculum Version 1.0/Fall 2010

Time Series Data Definition Data sets with one variable being the time of the event Could be uni- or hypervariable Data mining – looking for patters Visualization – looking for visual patterns Standard presentation Component 15/Unit 12b Health IT Workforce Curriculum Version 1.0/Fall 2010

Time Series Data (con’t) Predictive calendars http://research.sun.com/research/netcomm/rhythmAwareness.html Examples Component 15/Unit 12b Health IT Workforce Curriculum Version 1.0/Fall 2010

Time Series Data (con’t) One issue – temporal data is often periodic (cycles – daily, weekly, yearly, etc.) Linear display is problematic for periodic data Potential answer – spiral display Component 15/Unit 12b Health IT Workforce Curriculum Version 1.0/Fall 2010

Time Series Data (con’t) Additional benefit of spiral display – discovering periodicity in data Time Series Data (con’t) Component 15/Unit 12b Health IT Workforce Curriculum Version 1.0/Fall 2010

Interaction and Dynamic Queries Data transformation Details on demand Dynamic query Component 15/Unit 12b Health IT Workforce Curriculum Version 1.0/Fall 2010

Interaction and Dynamic Queries (con’t) Data transformation Details on demand Details could be removed from the main view for different reasons (mainly due to scaling issues) Component 15/Unit 12b Health IT Workforce Curriculum Version 1.0/Fall 2010

Interaction and Dynamic Queries (con’t) Data transformation Dynamic queries Visual representation of all possible objects and actions Rapid, incremental and reversible actions Direct manipulation is favored (selection by pointing, not typing) Specifying a query brings immediate display of results Responsive interaction (< 0.1 sec) Classic example: HomeFinder – 1992, University of Maryland, Human Computer Interaction Lab (Ben Shneiderman) Component 15/Unit 12b Health IT Workforce Curriculum Version 1.0/Fall 2010

Information Visualization in Medicine Purpose: Visually present medical data in more intuitive, easy to understand, learn, recognize, navigate and manage formats Visually magnify subtle aspects of the diagnostic, therapeutic, patient management and healing process which otherwise could be difficult to notice Prevent information overload and allow members of clinical staff to master large quantities of information Luca Chittaro, “Information Visualization and its Application to Medicine” Artificial Intelligence in Medicine, vol.22(2), 2001, pp.81-88 Component 15/Unit 12b Health IT Workforce Curriculum Version 1.0/Fall 2010

Information Visualization in Medicine (con’t) Examples The Visible Human Explorer (http://www.cs.umd.edu/hcil/visible-human/vhe.shtml) Component 15/Unit 12b Health IT Workforce Curriculum Version 1.0/Fall 2010

Information Visualization in Medicine (con’t) Examples Component 15/Unit 12b Health IT Workforce Curriculum Version 1.0/Fall 2010

Information Visualization in Medicine (con’t) Examples Component 15/Unit 12b Health IT Workforce Curriculum Version 1.0/Fall 2010

Information Visualization in Medicine (con’t) Examples Component 15/Unit 12b Health IT Workforce Curriculum Version 1.0/Fall 2010

Health IT Workforce Curriculum Version 1.0/Fall 2010 Conclusions Assignments Component 15/Unit 12b Health IT Workforce Curriculum Version 1.0/Fall 2010