The Ottoman Empire AIM:

DO NOW: Culture of the East Mainly Muslim Spoke Arabic and Turkish Mainly arab and Asian Culture of the West Mainly Christian or Jewish Spoke English, Spanish, Greek Mainly Caucasian and European If people from the east and the west joined together to form a country, what challenges might they face?

Homework Turn In HW#2 Due Today HW#3 Ottoman Empire (Due Wednesday) Map (Worth 5 HW) Vocabulary Student/Parent Contract (Due Monday) – Worth 2 HW Make Up Points – Turn in CW/HW/etc. with corrections to earn points back

Ottoman Empire What’s going on in the middle east…. -After Muhammad’s death in 632, Muslim faith and power is spreading throughout the Middle East. -The Arab/Muslim Empire is getting HUGE

The MONGOL Effect By 1215, foreign invaders (Mongols from eastern Asia) took over the lands of the Muslim empire Islam’s power in the Middle East started to decline

Mongolian Empire

THEN A new empire arose out of the leftovers of the old sultanates (kingdoms) of Anatolia (Turkey). 1299 A.D.- one of these sultans (Osman) began to expand his kingdom Osman started the Ottoman Empire, named after him

ORIGINS of the Ottoman Empire It was one of the largest & longest lasting empires in history It was an empire supported & inspired by Islam It replaced the Byzantine Empire (former Roman Empire) as the major power in the Eastern Mediterranean.

Religion Founded on the principles of Islam United by Islamic beliefs Churches were converted into mosques Tolerant of other religions, especially Christians and Jews Encouraged loyalty from other religious faith groups

Mosque In Istanbul

The Janissaries Group of soldiers loyal to the sultan (king) Army of slaves & Christian converts to Islam Helped to expand the empire Became so powerful that the sultans feared them

Document A: Janissaries a. What advantages did the Janissaries have over other troops? (Hint: think about training and tools) b. How did the Janissaries contribute to the Ottoman Empire?

Janissaries (In Turkish – “new” “soldiers”), were the standing Ottoman Turkish army and were organized by the sultan. As the Ottoman Empire developed, it was necessary to have paid troops loyal only to the sultan. They were created through the conversion of Christian children during invasions of countries. The Janissaries were responsible for the great expansion of the Ottoman Empire, including the capture of Constantinople in 1453. They were led by the Sultan and created the first military bands. Janissaries were also effective with new firearms, archery, axes, and sabers. They easily defeated European armies. In 1449, they revolted for the first time, demanding higher wages, after becoming aware of their own importance and desire for a better life. As they became more wealthy, they turned into a corrupt and useless caste. They were disbanded and a new army was created.

Origins of the Ottoman Empire 1352 A.D. sultans able to cross over into Europe 1453 A.D.-Ottoman soldiers known as Janissaries conquered Constantinople (Istanbul) from the Byzantine empire, thus ending the Roman Empire. 1517 A.D. Ottomans had control of Egypt & extended control to most of North African coast. 1520-1566: peak of power during rule of Suleiman (“The Magnificent”)

Ottoman Empire Expansion

Ottoman Map 2

Document B: Expansion of the Ottoman Empire a. How far did the Ottoman empire reach to the east? To the west? b. What were some geographical advantages of the Ottoman Empire?

Document C: Treatment of Conquered Peoples a. Name 2 ways the Ottomans were tolerant of other religions - b. Name 1 way the Ottomans showed preference to Muslims

Positive Treatment of Conquered Peoples The Millet System: Each religious’ community was separated from other groups and organized into a millet, or nation. These were not based on national origins, but rather on religion. For example, all Jews in the empire belonged to the Jewish millet. Each millet keeps its own schools, communal buildings, and even its own court system. The millet system enabled each religious group to have more autonomy (control) over its own affairs. It also allowed the Ottomans to maintain a lower tax burden on the people. Sephardic Jews The Ottoman Sultain Beyazit II issued an official decree to welcome the Jews into his empire. The Sephardic Jews were expelled from Spain. They were able to take an active role in society working as doctors and Rabbis were able to use printing presses to write.

Preferential Treatment of Muslims Despite the high degree of religious tolerance under the Ottoman Turks, the empire did give preferential treatment to its Muslim population. For instance, non-Muslims had to pay an extra tax. Until the final years of the empire, only Muslims were allowed to obtain high office in the government. Devshirme: The worst persecution of non-Muslims was the practice of devshirme, which means “tribute of children.” This practice forced children out of the homes of non-Muslims to be raised as Ottoman Muslims.

Suleiman Ruled from 1520-1566 Made Ottoman Empire the richest & most powerful empire in Europe and Southwest Asia at the time

Suleiman Greatest Ottoman leader of all time Brought justice & harmony by publishing a code of laws (“The Lawgiver”) Feared & respected by Europeans Turned Constantinople into a great center of art, music, writing, and philosophy Wrote some of the most beautiful poetry of his time

Suleiman Suleiman believed that the entire world was his possession as a gift of God. Vast amounts of Islamic territories were annexed or invaded. Very strong military Expert in developing gunpowder as a military tool

Suleiman the Great List 3 ways Suleiman contributed to the golden age of the Ottoman Empire. -

Suleiman was the son of a sultan, Slim I Suleiman was the son of a sultan, Slim I. When he was a teenager, he became governor of Kaffa and learned about politics, law, cultures, and places in the empire. Upon assuming the throne of sultan, he immediately began military campaigns to expand the empire. During his rule the Ottomans took control of parts of Hungary, Romania, and the Mediterranean Sea as well as parts of northern Africa. He defeated the Safavids and united a large part of the Islamic World. He was seen as an excellent leader and transformed the Ottoman Empire into an economic powerhouse. He reformed the law and created a single legal code. He reworked the tax system, build schools, and supported the arts. The time period during his rule is known as the golden age in the Ottoman Empire.

The Muslim Ottoman Empire eventually controlled what is now: Turkey Egypt Greece Bulgaria Romania Macedonia Hungary Palestine Jordan Lebanon Syria Much of the coastal strip of North Africa Parts of Arabia

TEAL Paragraph – Why did the Ottoman empire become so powerful TEAL Paragraph – Why did the Ottoman empire become so powerful? Explain using evidence from the documents.