Friday, April 1st Bell Work: Please pick up the worksheet from the back table and a copy of The Earth and Its Peoples. Carefully read the directions and complete the research activity.

Daily Agenda: Bell Work: Age of Absolutism Research WoD Review Lecture: Absolutism Review Quiz Jeopardy Review Comparison: Islamic Gunpowder Empires Essential Question: How did the Islamic Gunpowder Empires differ from the Maritime Empires of Europe? Homework: None. 

Block 1: ELECTRONIC QUIZ Darth Vader is remembered for trying to ________ Luke Skywalker to the dark side. evaluate convert advocate I always try to be ______________; I want to be flexible and well-rounded. vociferous ambiguous versatile Quiz April 1st, Block 1

Who invented the first seismograph? A. Greek Philosopher Socrates Block 1 Who invented the first seismograph? A. Greek Philosopher Socrates B. Italian physicist Filippo Cecchi C. Leonardo da Vinci Quiz April 1st, Block 1

The Age of Absolute Monarchs

Overview In the 1500s and 1600s, several rulers in Asia and Europe sough to centralize their political power. Claiming divine right, or authority from God, leaders such as Philip II in Spain and Louis XIV in France gained complete authority over their governments and their subjects. England and the Netherlands resisted the establishment of absolutism. After a civil war, England’s Parliament enacted a Bill of Rights that limited the English monarch’s powers.

Overview Main Ideas: Monarchs acted to establish absolute power Monarchs used the divine right theory and similar ideas to justify their power Parliament and the Puritans in England resisted absolutism A limited monarchy was established in England

Map of states under Absolutism

Thomas Hobbes (1588 –1679) Believed “Man is selfish & wicked” Absolutism Social Contract= People hand over rights to a strong ruler agreement between society & its govt.

Thomas Hobbes saw Society as a giant machine (perpetually in motion), thus the title of his great work, The Leviathan, which is founded on Mechanics (the Motion of Bodies / Matter). In Leviathan, Hobbes argues that the natural state of man (without any civil government) is war, ... the life of man solitary, poor, nasty, brutish, and short. ... The condition of man ... is a condition of war of everyone against everyone. According to Hobbes, man in the state of nature seeks nothing but his own selfish pleasure, but such individualism naturally leads to a war in which every man's hand is against his neighbour. In pure self-interest and for self-preservation men entered into a compact by which they agreed to surrender part of their natural freedom to an absolute ruler in order to preserve the rest. The State determines what is just and unjust, right and wrong; and the strong arm of the law provides the ultimate sanction for right conduct. 

John Locke (1632 – 1704) Believed “Man can learn & improve themselves” Against Absolutism People can overturn a bad government People have the power to form a govt. People are born w/natural rights! Life Liberty Property

Monarchs based their claim on Divine Right Authority comes from God Absolutism Monarchs based their claim on Divine Right Authority comes from God Similar to “Mandate of Heaven” Monarchs are “Above the Law” Common features- Strong armies,limited representative bodies, high taxes

Breakdown of Feudalism/ Rise of Nation states Continuous Warfare Causes of Absolutism Breakdown of Feudalism/ Rise of Nation states Continuous Warfare Need for money Exploration Declining influence of the church

Regulation of Religion & society Effects of Absolutism Regulation of Religion & society Loss of power by nobility & legislatures New government Bureaucracies Huge building projects

Examples of Absolute Rule: Philip II (Spain)  Developed the Council of State to allow nobles and officials to advise him. However, he never attended, thereby limiting their influence. Peter the Great (Russia) Forcefully shaved (yes, shaved) the Boyars (Russian nobles) and required them to dress in Western fashion and bring wives to social events (contrary to Russian tradition), reformed military, built modern navy, rebuilt capital in Western fashion. Charles I (England)  When Parliament refused to provide funding for his initiatives, he dissolved Parliament (leading to Civil War) Long Parliament Cromwell’s Protectorate Restoration under Charles II Glorious Revolution Charles I

Review Quiz: Please take the next 10 minutes to complete the review quiz. When you finish, turn it in to the homework bin and pick up the worksheet on the back table.