Assignment # Cellular Respiration Honors Biology September 18, 2018 Ms. McCarthy

To grow, function, and reproduce, cells must: A. Synthesize new cellular components such as cell walls, cell membranes, nucleic acids, ribosomes, proteins, etc… B. Collect energy and convert it into a form that is usable to do cellular work.

Cellular respiration is the process by which organisms obtain energy from food. A. Glucose is the most common source of energy 1. It comes from the breakdown of complex carbohydrates B. Making a bond stores energy (dehydration synthesis) C. Breaking a bond releases energy (hydrolysis)

D. The breakdown of food releases energy in the form of ATP 1. Adenosine triphosphate is a high energy molecule 2. Phosphorylation is the transfer of energy caused by the removal of a phosphate molecule 3. Adenosine diphosphate is a low energy molecule

An analogy can be made between the process of cellular respiration in our cells and a car. The mitochondria are the engines of our cells where sugar is burned for fuel and the exhaust is CO2 and H2O.

The Energy Cycle in the Cell C6H12O6 Phosphorylation Low Energy High Energy Breaking bonds releases energy for a cell to use. Making bonds stores energy for a cell to use later.

Oxidation – Reduction reactions A. Oxidation is when a molecule loses electrons (or H), which results in a loss of energy B. Reduction is when a molecule gains electrons (or H), which results in an energy gain C. Hydrogen acceptors are coenzymes that accept the hydrogen and its energy 1. NAD 2. FAD

V. Glycolysis A. First step in cellular respiration B. Splitting glucose into 2 pyruvic acid molecules C. Takes place in the cytoplasm D. Produces 2 ATP molecules for energy

2 ATP needed Phosphorylation Phosphoglyceraldehyde Oxidized Reduced

VI. Summary of glycolysis A. C6H12O6 2 pyruvic acid + 2ATP + 2 NADH2

The Glucose Song

Glucose Ah, sugar, sugar You are my favorite fuel From the blood-borne substrate pool

Glucose Monosaccharide sugar You’re sweeter than a woman’s kiss ‘Cause I need you for glycolysis

I just can’t believe the way my muscles take you in For you, they’ll open the door All it takes is a little bit of insulin To upregulate GLUT - 4

Glucose Ah, sugar, sugar You help me make ATP When my predators are chasing me

Glucose You’re an aldehyde sugar And you’re sweeter than a woman’s kiss ‘Cause I need you for glycolysis

I just can’t believe the way my muscles take you in My glycogen is almost gone A few more seconds and I’ll be rigor mortis bound Acidosis done me wrong!

Your sweet is turning sour, baby I’m losing all my power, baby I’m gonna make your muscles ache! I’m swimming in lactate, baby Yes, I’m swimming in lactate, baby

Now I’m drowning in lactate, baby I’m gonna make your muscles ache! I’m drowning in lactate, baby

Glucose Ah, sugar, sugar I used you up and you left me flat Now I’ll have to get my kicks from fat

Glucose, Glucose Sugar, Sugar, Sugar, Sugar The honeymoon is over now…..

Journal Entry # September 18, 2018 Listen to the song again and think about the biology behind the words. What is this song trying to explain?