Compare and contrast autotrophs and heterotrophs Bell-ringer: 4 minutes Compare and contrast autotrophs and heterotrophs

Feedback checks – parent letters Detention warnings/reminders Extra Opportunities Update

Frayer Model: Decomposers: groups 1-2 Producers: groups 3-4

Vital components of the nutrient cycle What are decomposers? An organism, often a bacterium or fungus, that feeds on and breaks down dead plant or animal matter, thus making organic nutrients available to the ecosystem. Vital components of the nutrient cycle

Animals that find dead animals or plants and eat them Scavengers  Animals that find dead animals or plants and eat them Help break down or reduce organic material into smaller pieces Examples: Flies, Wasps , Cockroaches , Earthworms

Different kinds of decomposers Organisms that break down dead or decaying organisms, and in doing so carry out the natural process of decomposition Examples: Fungi Bacteria Worms

Fungi Fungi ≠ Plants over 50,000 species of fungi E.g.: mushrooms, mildew, mold, toadstools, etc. Penicillin and other antibiotics are made from fungi.

How decomposers decompose dead things? 1. A fungus releases enzymes on to the dead remains 2. The enzymes digest the dead matter and make it soluble 3. The soluble products are taken up by the fungus

Bacteria Prokaryotic (no nucleus) recycle dead plants and animals by turning them into minerals and nutrients that plants can use only see them with a microscope

Worms Hermaphroditic (have both male and female organs) Earthworms eat dead plants and animals Excrete wastes in the form of casts (rich in nutrients like nitrogen, phosphorus, and potash) Loosen the soil

What would happen if decomposer's are removed from the ecosystem?

Producers Are- Producers get their food and energy from the sun. (PLANTS) They make their food through a process called photosynthesis.

What we do with our energy Cellular Respiration What we do with our energy

Overview Of Cellular Respiration Cellular respiration is the process that releases energy by breaking down glucose (sugar) and other molecules in the presence of oxygen. Occurs in the Mitochondria

Purpose of cellular respiration? To release energy from food molecules and make ATP! Why do we need ATP? ATP is the energy molecule needed by our cells Our cells use ATP to make all of the chemical reactions in our body run.

Not enough oxygen for aerobic respiration?aerobic respiration Fermentation-releases energy from food molecules by producing ATP in the absence of oxygen. (Anaerobic = no oxygen) Two types: alcoholic fermentation, lactic acid fermentation

Uses no oxygen Makes a little energy Uses oxygen Makes a lot of energy Anaerobic vs. aerobic Uses no oxygen Makes a little energy Uses oxygen Makes a lot of energy

Lactic acid vs alcoholic No oxygen Occurs in muscles Pyruvates lactate Occurs so muscles can continue making ATP Get lactate build up in muscles Causes soreness No oxygen Pyruvate  carbon dioxide & ethanol Seen in yeast and fungus Used to make beverages, food, makes dough rise

3 options for energy: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OYQPQEOdCU8

Overall Cellular Respiration breaks down Glucose (C6H12O6). It produces H2O and CO2 It produces 36 ATPs!

Comparing Photosynthesis & Cellular Respiration Function Energy capture Energy Release Location Chloroplasts Mitochondria Reactants Carbon dioxide and water Glucose and oxygen Products

Cycle – one reaction feeds the other oxygen Photosynthesis glucose Cycle – one reaction feeds the other water Carbon dioxide Cellular Respiration

Test yourself Why are molecules in life broken down? To produce ATP (energy) Because life naturally needs to die For meeting the characteristic of life, metabolism Both a & c

describe the following animals as either a producer or decomposer. Answer Key Cherry tree Mushroom Tulip (flower) Worm Vulture Grass Magnolia tree or bush Producer Decomposer

Test Yourself Label the players in respiration

What is the purpose/ result of cellular respiration? Turn and talk:  What is the purpose/ result of cellular respiration? What if errors occur during the process? How is cellular respiration … - related to the characteristics of life? - connected to other life?

Debate 2 Discuss the pros and cons to support your personal opinion on the needs/costs of tree-cutting and deforestation. What could be the results for the animals that rely on the plants for sources of food and oxygen? Why do we need/use the trees? What are the gains from tree cutting? Is the process fair, considering where it occurs? What do you think we could do?

Summary/ Feedback/ Questions We need plants and fungi to recycle nutrients and compounds that we need (like oxygen and nitrogen!) http://www.americanforests.org/blog/ 10-reasons-to-be-thankful-for- forests/