Plants Part 1: Introduction to Organs, Tissues and Processes http://www.discovery.com/tv-shows/life/videos/venus-flytrap-catches-flies/

What Characteristics do Plants Share? Eukaryotic Multicellular Autotrophic REVIEW: What do these words mean?

A. The Four Plant Organs Flower: Reproduction What do you think each of these 4 plant organs DOES for the plant? Leaves: Produce Food Stem: Transport Roots: Absorb and Anchor

1. Roots Absorb nutrients and water Anchor the plant Store food Root hairs increase surface area

2. Stems Support the plant Connect roots and leaves Transport water and minerals up (Xylem) Transport glucose and nutrients down (Phloem)

3. Leaves Capture as much light energy as possible (this is why leaves are thin and flat) Take in CO2 Make food (glucose) in photosynthesis 4. Flower Reproduction

Take a picture if you don’t have it inyour notebook 4 Tissue Type: Description Why Does the Plant Need It? Major Feature(s) Similar to What in Humans? Dermal Thick, waxy, tough Protects from damage and water loss Found on surface of leaves and stems-called epidermis Skin Meristematic Cells continuously divide Responsible for growth in the plant Apical meristem at tip of roots protected by root cap and at top of stem Stem cells Vascular A system of hollow tubes, like a pipeline Transports water and nutrients through roots, stems and leaves 2 types of vascular tubes: Xylem = water Phloem = food Cardio. system Ground Cells that lie between dermal and vascular tissues Supports the plant—thick, rigid, structural Storage of sugar in roots and fruits Fat

Ms. Wynn Photosynthesis and Cellular Respiration

Photosynthesis and Cellular Respiration

What you need to know Photosynthesis and cellular respiration are interrelated processes Process Reactants Products Location Energy Involved Photosynthesis Carbon dioxide, water Glucose, Oxygen Chloroplasts Input of sunlight (radiant energy) Cellular Respiration Mitochondria Release of chemical energy (ATP) *The reactants of one are products of the other

Photosynthesis – Trapping the Energy Needed for Life Most of the energy needed for life on Earth is gathered through photosynthesis Plant, algae, and some blue/green bacteria do it. Organisms that do not carry out photosynthesis (fungi, animals, some protists and bacteria) get their energy from photosynthetic organisms

What you need to know CO2 levels Oxygen production in photosynthesis is affected by… Light intensity Temperature CO2 levels

Cell Respiration – Cells Release Energy Stored In the Bonds of Food Molecules Cell respiration releases energy (ATP) from sugars, fats, amino acids, and nucleotides. The sugar glucose is the most important source of energy in cells. Animals, plants, and other eukaryotes rely mainly on cellular respiration for the energy their cells need.

2 Types of Cellular Respiration Aerobic Respiration (aero – oxygen) Uses oxygen. Makes a lot of energy. Anaerobic Respiration (an – not) Does not use oxygen. Makes a little bit of energy. Can make lactic acid.

What is the name of this molecule? What is it’s function? C6H12O6 GLUCOSE

What is the chemical formula for this molecule?

Name of organelle where photosynthesis occurs? CHLOROPLAST

What is the name of this molecule? H2O WATER

What is the chemical formula for this molecule? CO2 Carbon Dioxide

EOC Camp Day 2 Mrs. Franklin

Origins of Life

What does origin of life mean? Origins of life are scientific theories about how living things arose (began) on earth

Earth’s Early Atmosphere A key part of theories about early life is theories about early earth’s environment Originally, scientists though the earth was mostly gases like methane, ammonia, nitrogen, hydrogen (MANH) We know now that earth probably didn’t have methane or ammonia and was mostly just nitrogen and hydrogen

Theories about the origin of life…

Primordial Soup Theory Theory states that life started in deep vents in the ocean as heat, water, nitrogen, hydrogen and other gases mixed together in a “soup”

Miller-Urey Experiment Miller and Urey tested the Primordial Soup theory with their experiment They put MANH gases into a system of tubes, lit it with a spark (to simulate lightning) and condensed the gases

Miller-Urey Experiment What did they find??? AMINO ACIDS! How can we use this as evidence? Why is it important?

Miller-Urey Experiment BUT… Miller and Urey’s mistake is that earth probably didn’t have methane or ammonia! Since their original experiment, no one has been able to recreate the experiment and get amino acids

Endosymbiont Theory Theory that organelles, and eventually eukaryotic cells, came about when large prokaryotes engulfed (ate) small prokaryotes The small prokaryotes stayed alive inside the large prokaryotes and they began working together as a single organism

Endosymbiont Theory Bacterial DNA Chloroplast and Mitochondrial DNA What evidence do we have for this theory? Chloroplast and mitochondria have their own DNA (and it looks like prokaryotic DNA!) Bacterial DNA Chloroplast and Mitochondrial DNA

What were Earth’s first living things like? There was no oxygen at first, so organisms were anaerobic There were no photosynthetic organisms, so they were heterotrophic

Where did the oxygen come from? Eventually Earth’s atmosphere was filled with oxygen Early blue-green bacteria used a primitive form of photosynthesis that RELEASED OXYGEN As more oxygen filled the atmosphere, organisms evolved that could breathe oxygen (aerobic)

Let’s Practice Together Of the following, __________ was not contained in the Miller-Urey original mixture. Water Oxygen Ammonia Methane It would not have made sense for oxygen to be in the mixture because we know that there was NOT oxygen in early earth’s atmosphere

Let’s Practice Together Miller and Urey's experiments provided evidence that: Life evolved on Earth from bacteria Coacervates were the first type of protocells Bacteria were the first type of living organism to appear on Earth Complex organic molecules can form spontaneously under conditions that may have existed on Earth Their experiment used only inorganic materials and created organic molecules, they purposefully tried to simulate the environment of early earth

Independent Practice

Check Your Answers B D C A

Check Your Answers 10. Scientist think that earth’s early atmosphere had no oxygen and was primarily made of nitrogen and hydrogen. 11. This is the theory that life began in deep sea vents where gases mixed with hot water in a “soup” of nitrogen, hydrogen and other gases. 12. In the Miller-Urey experiment, the scientitst used the gases they believed were present in the atmosphere—nitrogen, hydrogen, ammonia and methane. The lit the gases with a spark and mixed them with water vapor, then allowed to gases to condense. They found amino acids in the collection chamber. This showed that organic compounds could form from inorganic compounds.