Arm Wrestling Matches!

Why do living things need energy? Give examples to support your answer.

Energy is used for: locomotion muscle contraction synthesis active transport chemical reactions arm wrestling

cellular respiration - the process by which the energy in food is released by cells

Respiration A process that releases the energy in food (glucose) to a form usable by cells (ATP).

Adenosine Triphosphate

Adenosine Triphosphate A-P-P~P High energy bond

ATP - adenosine tri phosphate - a tiny packet (of energy) - stores energy in a usable form - the energy currency of the cell

The energy from ATP is used by an organism to obtain, transform, transport materials, and to eliminate wastes

ATP cycle ATP P + usable energy (from cellular respiration) ADP P + energy from cellular respiration

Why is ATP important? It stores the energy from the breakdown of glucose in a form that can be used by cells

Cellular Respiration can be Anaerobic Aerobic does not needs oxygen need oxygen Produces 36 ATP/glucose molecule Produces 2 ATP/glucose molecule

Cellular Respiration Glucose oxygen 2 ADP + 2P 2 ATP 2 Pyruvic Acid yco ys I s oxygen 2 ADP + 2P 2 ATP 2 Pyruvic Acid 34 ATP Cell Carbon dioxide Cytoplasm water Mitochondria

does not use oxygen (anaerobic) Glycolysis breakdown of glucose to pyruvic acid occurs in cytoplasm does not use oxygen (anaerobic) net gain 2 ATPs produces pyruvic acid

Aerobic respiration 36 ATP are produced Glucose is broken down in the mitochondria with the help of oxygen. 36 ATP are produced

Fermentation the conversion of pyruvic acid to an end product (ethyl alcohol or lactic acid and CO2) with no further release of energy lactic acid causes muscle fatigue!

Fermentation occurs in yeast to make……. Alcohol and carbon dioxide

Alcoholic Fermentation

Alcoholic Fermentation is used in baking and brewing to make bread and alcoholic beverages.

Yeast change glucose to pyruvic acid which is then converted to ethyl alcohol and carbon dioxide.

Lactic acid fermentation Bacteria and muscle cells change glucose to pyruvic acid which is then converted to lactic acid

Lactic acid left in your muscles causes soreness and weakness. This is called muscle fatigue

Pyruvic acid lactic acid alcohol and Carbon dioxide lactic acid yeast muscle bacteria If no oxygen is present lactic acid alcohol and Carbon dioxide lactic acid and Carbon dioxide muscle fatigue

ATP aerobic resp. glycolysis anaerobic resp. mitochondria cytoplasm oxygen ATP Lactic acid carbon dioxide carbon dioxide alcohol ATP

How do anaerobic organisms benefit from fermentation if it does not provide them with additional energy?

Glucose NAD Pyruvic Acid Mitochondria 2 ADP + 2P 2 ATP NO OXYGEN NAD is stuck with Hydrogen – glycolysis stops Pyruvic acid does not enter mitochondria Mitochondria

Pyruvic Acid NADH2 NAD Lactic Acid Glycolysis continues Muscle Fatigue (in humans)

Why do we breathe heavy for awhile after heavy exercise?

Pyruvic Acid Mitochondria Lactic Acid NAD NADH2 When oxygen is present again… Lactic Acid NAD NADH2 Pyruvic Acid Mitochondria

Oxygen debt the amount of oxygen needed to dispose of lactic acid when oxygen is present again, lactic acid is oxidized back to pyruvic acid pyruvic acid enters the kreb cycle, etc...

Cellular Respiration Glucose oxygen 2 ADP + 2P 2 ATP 2 Pyruvic Acid yco ys I s oxygen 2 ADP + 2P 2 ATP 2 Pyruvic Acid 34 ATP Cell Carbon dioxide Cytoplasm water Mitochondria

Anaerobic Respiration - 2 ATP/glucose Aerobic Respiration - 36 ATP/glucose