Cellular Respiration Agriculture Biology

Why are photosynthesis and respiration important in agriculture? Biomass is all plant and animal matter on the Earth's surface. Harvesting biomass such as crops, trees or dung and using it to generate energy such as heat, electricity or motion, is bioenergy. Farmers try to maintain a 40:1 ratio of photosynthesis to respiration, thus increasing the amount of biomass stored by the plants. More Biomass= More Energy

Why is Respiration Important? Plants use oxygen in the air (or water) to turn their food (glucose) into energy. This process of using oxygen to release energy from food is called cellular respiration Process by which living cells take in oxygen and give off carbon Dioxide.

Interest Grabber What kind of organisms undergo cellular respiration? All organisms including photosynthetic organisms, undergo cellular respiration as long as oxygen is present

Interest Grabber How are the products of photosynthesis and respiration related? The products of photosynthesis are the starting materials for respiration

Cellular Respiration C6H12O6 + 6O2 6CO2 + 6H2O + Energy (ATP)

The Respiration Process Respiration is the "opposite" of photosynthesis. 2. It is a breaking down process rather than a building process like photosynthesis 3. Respiration is necessary in all living cells. Plants MUST respire to survive. 9/18/2018

4. A plant photosynthesizes only during daylight hours, and only in the tissues containing chlorophyll; HOWEVER IT RESPIRES 24 HOURS A DAY, AND IN ALL OF ITS LIVING CELLS. 9/18/2018

The Big Picture 9

How does air enter and leave the plant? On the underside of leaves are small openings called Stomata. These stomata open and close to allow movement of gasses like Oxygen and Carbon Dioxide.

The lower surface of the leaf is dotted with special pore-like structures called "stomatas". 9/18/2018

Stomata on Bananna 9/18/2018

“Guard cells" around the stomata open during the daylight hours. The stomata close at night or when the plant is water stressed. 9/18/2018

Photosynthesis vs Respiration Photosynthesis captures energy from the sun, uses up carbon dioxide and produces oxygen. Respiration, releases energy, evolves carbon dioxide and uses up oxygen. 9/18/2018

Cellular Respiration

Photosynthesis vs. Respiration Food synthesized (made) Energy from sun stored in glucose CO2 taken in Oxygen given off Produces sugars Requires light Occurs only in the presence of chlorophyll Respiration Food broken down Energy in glucose released CO2 given off Oxygen taken in Produces CO2 and H2O Does not require light Occurs in all living cells

Process that makes ATP by breaking down Glucose Cellular Respiration Process that makes ATP by breaking down Glucose

Facts: Cellular Respiration Is Aerobic respiration, meaning it requires OXYGEN (aero=needs air) Happens in the mitochondria

Cell Respiration WHERE: MITOCHONDRIA WHO: All Eukaryotic Cells WHY: to turn sugar (glucose) into fuel (ATP) 19

carbon dioxide & water are “leftovers” Equation C6H12O6+ 6 O2  6 CO2 + 6 H2O and 36 ATP carbon dioxide & water are “leftovers” The reactants in photosynthesis are the same as the products of cellular respiration 20

3 STEP PROCESS in Cellular Respiration Why: to slowly release energy without heating up the cell too much! Glycolysis: Happens in the cytoplasm to break down glucose All living things do glycolysis Krebs Cycle: (citric acid cycle) In the mitochondria, makes a few ATP (not efficient) Electron Transport: In the mitochondria, makes a lot of ATP

What happens if there is NO Oxygen? Anaerobic Respiration: When there is a lack of Oxygen going to the cells 2 Types of Fermentation -Lactic Acid Fermentation (animal cells) -Alcoholic Fermentation (Yeast & Bacteria)

Anaerobic Respiration Cells make ATP without oxygen Occurs in Yeast and Bacteria 2 types: 1. Lactic Acid Products: lactic acid Builds up in muscles 2. Alcoholic Products: Alcohol and CO2 Used to make beer and wine

2 Types of Cellular Respiration Aerobic - Requires oxygen - 3 step process ***occurs in cytoplasm and mitochondria*** - Makes 36 ATP necessary for large organisms (eukaryotes) - by-product is CO2 Anaerobic or Fermentation - Requires no oxygen - 2 step process ***occurs entirely in cytoplasm of cell*** - Only makes 2 ATP works well for small organisms like bacteria/yeast - by-product is lactic acid

Photosynthesis Cellular Respiration Function What organisms do this? Create/store energy (in glucose molecules) Release stored energy (in glucose molecules) What organisms do this? Plant cells only Both plant and animal cells Organelle for process? Chloroplasts Mitochondria Reactants CO2 and H2O C6H12O6 (glucose) and O2 Products Source of energy used/produced Uses energy from sunlight Produces ATP for cell functions