The Contribution of Pastoralism to National Economies Regional Sensitization Seminar on the Rights of Indigenous Populations/Communities in Central and East Africa Melakou Tegegn

background to the issue – PFE conference 2003: Pastoralism and Accumulation actual potential – World Initiative for Sustainable Pastoralism 5 country studies Conclusion: same

pastoral demography and economy – [pastoral cattle: Kenya 75%, Ug. 95%, Tz 97%] rural development and accumulation: crucial link towards livelihood diversification – economic growth – social development – rural industrialization the principal traditional sectors o pastoralism, peasant agriculture, [hunting-gathering]

challenges to the traditional sector : vis a vis sustainable development – climate change – globalization of the market [policy prescriptions] – over-population – Policy bias: the dominant discourse [African elite] despite advances in global recognition of IP rights the most serious hurdle for IP rights and pastoralisms contribution to national economies

the dominant discourse and the African elite decolonization? misconceptions about pastoralism: characterized – economic irrationality – low economic performance – reluctance to engage in markets – unsustainable resource management

Pastoralism vis a vis sustainable development pastoralism and the environment Pastoralism as the most effective and economically rational way of sustainbly managing dry lands pastoral livestock as wealth occupying strategic position in some economies [Sudan, Ethiopia, Somalia, Kenya, etc…] – the Ethiopian example

Contributions of pastoralism to national economies the actual and potential 1.General to GDPs – Uganda 8.5% – Ethiopia9% – Mali10% – Kyrgiztan 20% contribution to the informal economy

contributions of pastoralism to agricultural GDP – Sudan80%Chad34% – Senegal78%Burkina Faso24% – Niger84% – Mauritania33% – Mali33% – Kenya50% – Ethiopia35%

Challenges Reduction in the overall number of agro- pastoralists Increasing need of mobility in pastoral areas Recurrent drought and lack of copying mechanism

2.Animal sales and consumption: export and local markets the potential: the various sub-regions Volume and value of livestock exports from Ethiopia Year Live animals Value (US$1,000) Meat (tons) Value (US$1,000) ,000 27,259 7,717 15, ,000 36,507 7,917 18, ,000 40,865 5,875 15, ,000 77,350 6,400 24, ,000 91,000 10,000 34,000 Source: Mind the Gap, Yacob Aklilu and Andy Catley

3.Milk sales and consumption Producing for consumption need to be considered as an important economic activity – Why this is not considered: market philosophy holds only production of commodities should be included in economic calculation the actual and potential per sub-region

4.hides and skins sales, local consumption beefing up the shoes/ leather industry – need for a protectionist macro-economic policy – protectionism: WM/IMF v/s the 4 tigers – the actual and potential Ethiopia: hides/skins 85% of the total livestock export with the value of $600 million Pastoralits share in value of exports: $43 million

5.Wool sales and consumption 6.Manure sales and consumption: burning fuel Indirect contributions