What is The Relationship? The plants provide the Oxygen needed for the people, and the people provide the Carbon dioxide for the plants.

Today: We are going to take notes over photosynthesis so please get out the notes I asked you to print. Then, we will draw photosynthesis.

What do all of our cells need to keep living and to do any kind of work? Energy!!!

Cell Energy Energy for living things comes from food. Originally, the energy in food comes from the sun.

A. Starts with the Sun: Organisms that use light energy from the sun to produce food—autotrophs (auto = self) Ex: plants and some microorganisms (some bacteria and protists)

B. Eaters: Organisms that CANNOT use the sun’s energy to make food—heterotrophs (hetero= different) Ex: animals and most microorganisms

Cells usable source of energy is called ATP II. Energy: Cells usable source of energy is called ATP ATP stands for adenosine triphosphate Adenine Ribose 3 Phosphate groups

ADP stands for adenosine diphosphate Adenine Ribose 2 Phosphate groups

All energy is stored in the bonds of compounds—breaking the bond releases the energy When the cell has energy available it can store this energy by adding a phosphate group to ADP, producing ATP

ATP is converted into ADP by breaking the bond between the second and third phosphate groups and releasing energy for cellular processes.

What is the usable energy that all cells use? ATP

Adenosine Triphosphate What does ATP stand for? Adenosine Triphosphate

III. Beginning to ecological food webs!

III. Beginning to ecological food webs! Producers= they make energy for themselves and other cells. AKA autotrophs (photo or chemo) Plants, some bacteria, and algae can make their own food. Make their own food source, so they don’t need to eat! Producers get the supplies they need to make energy from the sun (or chemicals), soil and water. Photosynthesis Chemosynthesis

Today: We are going to start off with taking some notes of photosynthesis and cellular respiration. Then, you will have a worksheet to work on. I will hand out your homework at the end of class. You may not do it in class.

IV. Photosynthesis: Photosynthesis is the process by which the energy of sunlight is converted into the chemical energy of glucose Photo = light Synthesis = putting together Photosynthesis = using light to make food.

What do you think chemosynthesis means? Process by which ATP is synthesized by using chemicals as an energy source instead of light like in photosynthesis.

Photosynthesis occurs in the chloroplasts of plants

Light absorbing compound is a pigment—pigments absorb some wavelengths of light and reflect others—the color our eyes see is the color that the pigment reflects

Chlorophyll is the pigment inside the chloroplast that absorbs light for photosynthesis As the chlorophyll in leaves decays in the autumn, the green color fades and is replaced by the oranges and reds of carotenoids.

General formula for photosynthesis: carbon dioxide + water + light glucose + oxygen 6CO2 + 6H2O + light C6H12O6 + 6O2

Reactants Diagram H2O CO2 Light Chloroplast C6H12O6 Glucose O2 NADP+ ADP + P Light Dependent Reaction Calvin Cycle ATP NADPH Chloroplast C6H12O6 Glucose O2 Products

Summary: Light Dependent Reaction—H2O is broken down and light energy is stored temporarily in inorganic energy carriers, ATP and NADPH Calvin Cycle—energy is transferred from ATP and NADPH to the organic compound glucose

-Leaves are green because they contain Plants -Leaves are green because they contain the pigment: chlorophyll -Leaves have a large surface area to absorb as much light as possible "Thanks for the Glucose!"

Chloroplasts make the oxygen too!

-Stoma: This opening how plants exchange gases. Check it -Stoma: This opening how plants exchange gases! Check it! Can you name the two important gases that go in and out of the leaves?

Next: Turn to page 104 in your textbook and you are going to draw figure 4.5 and label the steps of mitosis. Add color to make it easier for you to read.

What organelle does Photosynthesis? Chloroplast

What are organisms called if they make their own Glucose or food? Producers

What does Synthesis always mean? Putting together.

What is the ultimate goal of Photosynthesis? (what needs to be made) Glucose

Adenosine triphosphate Which molecule in plant cells first captures the radiant energy from sunlight? Glucose Carbon dioxide Chlorophyll Adenosine triphosphate C. Chlorophyll

Temperature Dependent The first stage of photosynthesis in a chloroplast is ________________. Light Dependent Temperature Dependent Glucose Driven ATP Driven A. Light Dependent

Explain why plants release Oxygen into the atmosphere? During photosynthesis the products in the equation are glucose and oxygen. The oxygen is released by the plants by way of the stoma.

V. Cellular Respiration: (2 kinds—Aerobic and Anaerobic) Cellular respiration is the process by which the energy of glucose is released in the cell to be used for life processes (movement, breathing, blood circulation, etc…)

Today: We are going to finish the notes I handed out to you last time. Then, you will have a worksheet to work on. Then, I will go over your homework and you can get started on it if you have time.

Cells require a constant source of energy for life processes but keep only a small amount of ATP on hand. Cells can regenerate ATP as needed by using the energy stored in foods like glucose. The energy stored in glucose by photosynthesis is released by cellular respiration and repackaged into the energy of ATP.

Side note>>>> Consumers = organisms that must obtain food from other organisms. AKA heterotrophs (= different nourish) Consumers get the supplies they need to make energy from plants, other animals and water. Organisms that gain nutrition indirectly from the sun.

Respiration occurs in ALL cells and can take place either with or without oxygen present.

1. Aerobic Respiration: requires oxygen Occurs in the mitochondria of the cell Total of 36 ATP molecules produced General formula for aerobic respiration: C6H12O6 + 6O2 6 CO2 + 6H2O + 36 ATP glucose + oxygen carbon dioxide + water + energy Human cells contain a specialized structure – the mitochondrion – that generates energy.

Electron Transport Chain Diagram Electrons carried in NADH Mitochondria In Cytoplasm Electrons carried in NADH and FADH2 Krebs Cycle Electron Transport Chain Glucose Glycolysis -2 +4 2 2 32 = 36

Summary: 3 steps: 1st glycolysis 2nd Krebs cycle 3rd Electron Transport Chain (ETC)

2. Anaerobic Respiration: occurs when no oxygen is available to the cell (2 kinds: Alcoholic and Lactic Acid) Also called fermentation Much less ATP produced than in aerobic respiration

A) Alcoholic fermentation—occurs in bacteria and yeast Process used in the baking and brewing industry—yeast produces CO2 gas during fermentation to make dough rise and give bread its holes. glucose ethyl alcohol + carbon dioxide + 2 ATP

B) Lactic acid fermentation—occurs in muscle cells Lactic acid is produced in the muscles during rapid exercise when the body cannot supply enough oxygen to the tissues—causes burning sensation in muscles glucose lactic acid + carbon dioxide + 2 ATP

First step in anaerobic respiration is also glycolysis Diagram Anaerobic Respiration Cytoplasm Alcoholic fermentation Bacteria, Yeast 2 ATP C6H12O6 glucose glycolysis Lactic acid fermentation Muscle cells 2 ATP ETC Mitochondria Krebs Cycle Aerobic Respiration 36 ATP

Which organelle is responsible for cellular respiration? Mitochondria

What type of cellular respiration requires the presence of oxygen? Aerobic Cellular Respiration

Explain why your muscles are sore after a long workout? Lactic Acid build up from anaerobic respiration. Not enough oxygen is supplied to muscle cells during work out so the cells go into anerobic respiration.

Which type of respiration produces the most atp? Aerobic Respiration How many atp are produced? 36 ATP

What is the ultimate goal of cellular respiration? (what is being made) ATP

Next: We are going to do lab #1 First, read part 1 and answer all the questions on each page until you reach the data section then stop.

First: Get out your labs from yesterday and finish them then turn them in. Also, get out all of your handouts from Unit 1 and make sure they are finished, then turn them in.

Next: We will take one hour to take the Unit 1 test. I will grade them today and if you don’t pass, you will need to do test corrections. After the test, you can work either work on your Unit 2 Whiteboard, or the mitosis packet I will hand out to you when you hand in your test.