What did the Aztecs use as currency? Cocoa Beans and Gold Dust Aztec Bellwork What did the Aztecs use as currency? Cocoa Beans and Gold Dust How did other tribes/groups feel about the Aztecs? The Aztecs were generally disliked

WWBAT: Complete discussion of the Aztecs Objective WWBAT: Complete discussion of the Aztecs WWBAT: Discuss the important characteristics of the Inca Politics and economy

Interactive Notebook Setup 2/1/2016 The Toltec and Aztec Civilizations This will be one page

Interactive Notebook Setup 2/1/2016 Incan Society and Government This will be one page

Background Government Society Religion Economy Technology

BAckground Inca started as a nomadic group in the Andes mountain before settling near Lake Titicaca in the 13th Century 1200 and 1535 ce Called themselves Tawantinsuyu which means “Four Regions” in Quechuan language Emperor Pachacuti and his son Topa Inca expanded Incan territory militarily and began the Incan Empire Founded the city of Machu Picchu

Background The city of Cusco was the capital of the empire he ancient Inca capital is said to have been The Incas conceived their capital in the shape of a Puma with the river serving as the spine, Sacsayhuaman the head, and the main city center the body. Almost every central street has remains of Inca walls, arches and doorways. Many streets are lined with Inca stonework, now serving as foundations for more modern buildings.

Machu Picchu Temple of the Sun in Machu Picchu

Religion Religion was polytheistic, with the Sun god being the most important Great Inca(Emperor) was said to be a descendant of the Sun god Human sacrifice was practiced, but not very frequently Believed in animism(spiritual presence in natural objects & forces) and ancestor worship Especially ancestor worship of former emperors and nobles Religious tolerance for conquered peoples, but must worship Incan gods

Incan government • The Incas established an official language, Quechua • Divided empire into four provinces • Developed a bureaucracy run by nobles • Nobility drawn from the ten ayllus(family units) • Local rulers maintained their positions • Colonized conquered areas by moving Inca people into conquered areas • Made conquered leaders move out of their villages and move in with leaders who were loyal to the Inca government

Inca Government Expansion was motivated by split inheritance Political power and titles of the ruler went to his successor but all his possessions remained in the hands of his male descendants, the panaqa, or other heirs, who would use them to support the cult of the dead Inca's mummy for eternity Satisfied other potential heirs materially and encouraged the new leader to gain more territory and wealth

Inca Economy Agriculturally based using terrace farming Different crops grown based on location and altitude Lots of labor/workers necessary for transport of goods Excellent Roads/infrastructure for transfer of goods from coastal desert to jungle to mountain villages Trade from different regions provided lots of different food to eat Domesticated and bred hundreds of varieties of potatoes, tomatoes, peppers

Inca Economy Rulers maintained authority by trading supplies to “good” regions and not to “bad” regions Used Mit’a system of labor A system in which each person owed compulsory labor services to the Inca state Used for building roads, agricultural terraces, warehouses, temples, and other public works

Inca society Inca emphasis on military reinforced gender inequality Women worked in the fields, wove cloth, and cared for the household Women worshipped fertility deities Recognize parallel descent Women passed rights and property to their daughters

Inca society Ayllus were clans that constituted the basic socioeconomic unit of Inca society Allyus were made of extended family units Were self-sustaining units and would educate their own offspring and farm or trade for all the food they ate, except in cases of disaster

Incan Technology Built a complex system of roads and bridges, 2500 miles of roads Used a system of runners to carry messages throughout the empire Beautiful pottery, cloth, and metalworking Quipu used as an elaborate recording system using knots

Quipu

Bridges and Roads

Inca metalworking