MR. AKWETEY HENRY MATEY NETWORKING CPT.5 UNIVERSITY OF PROFESSIONAL STUDIES, ACCRA DEPARTMENT OF INFORMATION TECH. & MANAGEMENT STUDIES NETWORKING CPT.5 MR. AKWETEY HENRY MATEY

NETWORK OPERATING SYSTEM AND NETWORK COMMUNICATION & INTRODUCTION TO SERVER

What is a Server? Types of Servers? File Servers. Print Servers. E-mail Servers. Database Servers.

Servers What is a SERVER? Servers are the one that is responsible to provide response to each client’s request simultaneously. A Server may be responsible to process a single request or more than one request at a time.

Types of Servers File Servers Print Servers E-mail Servers Data Base Servers

File Servers A file server may be dedicated or non-dedicated. A dedicated server is designed specifically for use as a file server not for other database purposes. File servers may also be categorized by the method of access: Internet file servers are frequently accessed by File Transfer Protocol (FTP) or by HTTP (but are different from web servers, that often provide dynamic web content in addition to static files).

File Servers File server is a computer attached to a network, that has the primary purpose to share contents (such as documents, sound files, photographs, movies, images, databases, etc.) that can be accessed by the other computers that are attached to the network. A file server is not intended to perform computational tasks, and does not run programs on behalf of its clients.

File Servers It is designed primarily to enable the storage and retrieval of data while the computation is carried out by the workstations. File servers are commonly found in schools and offices and rarely seen in local internet service providers using LAN to connect their client computers.

File Servers Each Server will be placed on one another on a rack mount.

File Servers

File Servers Memory RAM 4 GB for developer evaluation use. Minimum Hardware requirements for FILE SERVERS Memory RAM 4 GB for developer evaluation use. 8 GB for production use.

File Servers Storage 80 GB or greater for system drive. You must have sufficient space for the base installation and sufficient space for diagnostics such as logging, debugging, creating memory dumps, and so on.

File Servers Processors 64-bit, four cores for small deployments. 64-bit, eight cores for medium deployments.

Operating System Used in Server sites File Servers Operating System Used in Server sites Windows Server 2003 Windows Server 2008 Windows Server 2008 R2 SP1 Windows NT Ubuntu Server Edition Linux Novel Netware Mac OS 8 and so on….

Print Servers A print server may be a networked computer with one or more shared printers. Alternatively a print server may be a dedicated device on the network, with connections to the LAN and one or more printers. Print server functionality may be integrated with other devices such as a wireless router, a firewall, or both.

Print Servers A printer may have a built-in print server. All printers with the right type of connector are compatible with all print servers; manufacturers of servers make available lists of compatible printers because a server may not implement all the communications functionality of a printer (low ink signal, etc.).

Print Servers Possible to have more than one Printers. If more than one Client’s want to process a same printer, then print Request are queued.

E-Mail Servers

E-Mail Servers Often referred to as simply "mail server", an e-mail server is a computer within your network that works as your virtual post office. A mail server usually consists of a storage area where e-mail is stored for local users, a set of user definable rules which determine how the mail server should react to the destination of a specific message.

E-Mail Servers A database of user accounts that the mail server recognizes and will deal with locally. This means each users will be stored in particular Email Providers Database. Ex: Yahoo, Gmail, Rediff, Hot mail. Generally the person(s) responsible for the maintenance of the e-mail server (editing users, monitoring system activity) are referred to as the postmaster.

Database Server A database server is a computer program that provides database services to other computer programs or computers. Database management systems frequently provide database server functionality, and some DBMS’s (e.g., My SQL) rely exclusively on the client–server model for database access.

Database Servers In a master-slave model, database master servers are centralized and primary locations of data while database slave servers are synchronized backups of the master acting as proxies. Some examples of Database servers are Oracle, DB2, Informix, Ingres, SQL Server. Every server uses its own query logic and structure.

Database Servers Such a server is accessed either through a "front end“ at the "back end" which runs on the server and handles tasks such as data analysis and storage. The back-end, sometimes called a database server, performs tasks such as data analysis, storage, data manipulation, archiving, and other non-user specific tasks.

Database Servers The Diagram represents that two clients system can access the SQL Database of the “Techfuels” organization. Possible to use any type of Database Software.

Windows Server Roadmap 9/18/2018 3:04 PM Windows Server Roadmap R2 2010 2008 Service Pack Two 2009 2008

Network Operating Systems Network operating systems (NOS) typically are used to run computers that act as servers. They provide the capabilities required for network operation. Network operating systems are also designed for client computers and provide functions so the distinction between network operating systems and stand alone operating systems is not always obvious. Network operating systems provide the following functions:

Windows Server 2003 Network Administration Goals To ensure that network resources such as files, folders, and printers are available to users To secure the network so that available resources are only accessible to users who have been granted the proper permissions

Windows Server 2003 Editions Multiple versions of Windows Server 2003 exist Each version is defined to meet the need of a certain market segment Versions Include: Standard Edition Enterprise Edition Datacenter Edition Web Edition

Standard Edition Designed for everyday needs of small to medium businesses or as a departmental server for larger organizations Provides file and print services, secure Internet connectivity, centralized management of network resources Logical upgrade path for Windows 2000 Server Can be used as a domain controller, member server, or standalone server

Standard Edition (continued)

Enterprise Edition Generally used for medium to large businesses Designed for organizations that require better performance, reliability, and availability than Standard Edition provides Provides support for mission-critical applications Available in both 32 and 64-bit editions

Enterprise Edition (continued)

Enterprise Edition (continued)

Datacenter Edition Designed for mission-critical applications, very large databases, and information access that requires the highest levels of availability Can only be obtained from Original Equipment Manufacturers (OEMs)

Datacenter Edition Continued

Web Edition Lower-cost edition Designed for hosting and deploying Web services and applications Meant for small to large companies or departments that develop and/or deploy Web services

Web Edition (continued)

Activity 1-1: Determining the Windows Server 2003 Edition Installed on a Server Objective is to determine the edition of Windows Server 2003 installed on your server using System Properties Follow the instructions in the book to log in Start  My Computer  Properties  General tab

Windows Networking Concepts Overview Two different security models used in Windows environments Workgroup Domain Three roles for a Windows Server 2003 system in a network Standalone server Member server Domain controller

Workgroups A workgroup is a logical group of computers Limitations Characterized by a decentralized security and and administration model Authentication provided by a local account database – Security Accounts Manager (SAM) Limitations Users need unique accounts on each workstation Users manage their own accounts (security issues) Not very scalable

Domains A domain is a logical group of computers Characterized by centralized authentication and administration Authentication provided through centralized Active Directory Active Directory database can be physically distributed across domain controllers Requires at least one system configured as a domain controller

Member Servers A member server Has an account in a domain Is not configured as a domain controller Typically used for file, print, application, and host network services All 4 Windows Server 2003 Editions can be configured as member servers

Domain Controllers Explicitly configured to store a copy of Active Directory Service user authentication requests Service queries about domain objects May be a dedicated server but is not required to be

Domain Controllers (continued)

Activity 1-2: Determining the Domain or Workgroup Membership of a Windows Server 2003 System Objective is to determine the domain or workgroup membership of a system Start  My Computer  Properties  Computer Name tab Displays computer name and domain Change  OK

Computer Accounts Assigned in Windows NT, 2000, XP, and 2003 Assigned when joining a domain Method for authentication and access auditing Accounts are represented as computer objects Accounts can be viewed using administrative tools e.g., Active Directory Users and Computers

Activity 1-3: Viewing and Configuring Computer Account Settings in Active Directory Users and Computers Objective is to use the Users and Computers tool to view and configure account settings/properties Start  Administrative Tools  Active Directory Users and Computers

Using Active Directory Users and Computers to View a Computer Object

Network Management and Maintenance Overview Five major focus areas of administrative tasks Managing and maintaining physical and logical devices Managing users, computers, and groups Managing and maintaining access to resources Managing and maintaining a server environment Managing and implementing disaster recovery

Managing and Maintaining Physical and Logical Devices Network administrator responsibilities include: Installing and configuring hardware devices Managing server disks Monitoring and managing performance Tools include Control panel applets Device Manager Disk Defragmenter

Managing Users, Computers, and Groups User accounts Creation, maintenance, passwords Group accounts Assign network rights and permissions to multiple users Support e-mail distribution lists Computer accounts Active Directory tools and utilities used to create and maintain computer accounts

Activity 1-4: Resetting a Domain User Account Password Using Active Directory Users and Computers Objective is to reset a user password Force user to change password at next log-in Other techniques discussed Start  Administrative Tools  Active Directory Users and Computers  Users Follow directions in book to complete exercise

The Reset Password Dialog Box in Active Directory Users and Computers

Managing and Maintaining Access to Resources Server 2003 uses sharing technique Sharing setup Through Windows Explorer interface and Computer Management administrative tool Shared folder and NTFS permissions Terminal services Allows access to applications through a central server Allows access from desktops running different operating systems

Managing and Maintaining a Server Environment Covers a wide variety of tasks including: Managing server licensing Managing patches and software updates Managing Web servers Managing printers, print queues, disk quotas A wide variety of tools are available including: Event Viewer and System Monitor Software Update Services Microsoft Management Console

Activity 1-5: Creating a Custom Microsoft Management Console The objective is to create a custom MMC MMC groups commonly used tools for administrator’s convenience Start  Run  mmc  OK  File  Add/Remove Snap-in Follow directions in book to view and select snap-ins to add to MMC

The Add Standalone Snap-in Dialog Box

Selecting the Snap-In Focus

Managing and Implementing Disaster Recovery Main component of disaster recovery is system backup Backup tool provided is Windows Backup Different types of backup Automated scheduling of backups Back up critical system state information Automated system Recovery Shadow Copies of Shared Folders

Introduction to Windows Server 2003 Active Directory Provides the following services Central point for storing and managing network objects Central point for administration of objects and resources Logon and authentication services Delegation of administration

Introduction to Windows Server 2003 Active Directory Continued Stored on domain controllers in the network Changes made to any Active Directory will be replicated across all domain controllers Multimaster replication Fault tolerance for domain controller failure Uses Domain Name Service (DNS) conventions for network resources

Active Directory Objects An object represents a network resource such as a user, group, computer, or printer Objects have attributes depending on object type Objects are searchable by attributes

Active Directory Schema Schema defines the set of possible objects for entire Active Directory structure Only one schema for a given Active Directory, replicated across domain controllers Two main definitions Object classes Attributes Attributes and object classes have a many-to-many relationship

Active Directory Logical Structure and Components Active Directory comprises components that: Enable design and administration of a network structure Logical Hierarchical Components include: Domains and organizational units Trees and forests A global catalog

Domains and Organizational Units Has a unique name Is organized in hierarchical levels Has an Active Directory replicated across its domain controllers Organizational unit (OU) A logical container used to organize domain objects Makes it easy to locate and manage objects Allows you to apply Group Policy settings Allows delegation of administrative control

An Active Directory Domain and OU Structure

Trees and Forests Sometimes necessary to create multiple domains within an organization First Active Directory domain is the forest root domain A tree is a hierarchical collection of domains that share a contiguous DNS naming structure A forest is a collection of trees that do not share a contiguous DNS naming structure Transitive trust relationships exist among domains in trees and, optionally, in and across forests

Global Catalog An index and partial replica of most frequently used objects and attributes of an Active Directory Replicated to any server in a forest configured to be a global catalog server

Global Catalog (continued) Four main functions Enable users to find Active Directory information Provide universal group membership information Supply authentication services when a user logs on from another domain Respond to directory lookup requests from Exchange 2000 and other applications

An Active Directory Forest

Active Directory Communications Standards The Lightweight Directory Access Protocol (LDAP) is used to query or update Active Directory database directly LDAP follows convention using naming paths with two components Distinguished name: the unique name of an object in Active Directory Relative distinguished name: the portion of a distinguished name that is unique within the context of its container

Active Directory Physical Structure Physical structure distinct from logical structure Important to consider the effect of Active Directory traffic and authentication requests on physical resources A site is a combination of 1+ Internet Protocol (IP) subnets connected by a high-speed connection A site link is a configurable object that represents a connection between sites

END OF PART ONE Thank you !!!!!