Africa

Sub-Saharan Africa: south of Sahara desert Rainforests Mtns. Savannas (grasslands)

Great Rift Valley 40 miles wide, 2,000 ft deep 2,000-3,000 miles long

Village Life Matrilineal—trace ancestry through mother Husband’s family gives bride’s family iron tools, animals, & cloth Boys & girls at 12 take part in adulthood ceremonies

Africans- polytheists Believe spirits of dead live among them Adopted ideas from Arabs (Islam) & Europeans (Christianity)

Nubia 2000 BC: upper Nile River Under Egyptian control Built more pyramids than the Egyptians 700s BC: Nubian pharaohs rule Egypt until Axum invaded Nubia

Axum 500 BC Traded w/ Rome Ivory, gold, exotic animals Christian kingdom along Red Sea Muslim raids forced them to interior--Ethiopia

Ghana (300-1200 AD) Located between salt & gold mines Trans-Saharan trade (across the desert) Salt=most important Conquered by Muslims

Mali Small state in Ghana Sundiata Keita 1200s took old lands of Ghana Cleared land for farming=surpluses Peanuts, rice, sorghum, yams, beans, onions, wheat

Mansa Musa ruled 1312-1332 Introduced Islam Built mosques in Timbuktu Went on hajj

Songhai Niger River 1400s Sunni Ali—took over Timbuktu Laws based on Islam 1589-attacked by Moroccans (w/ firearms)

Zimbabwe “Great House of Stone” Between Zambezi & Limpopo Rivers Large stone forts 1400s-declined for unknown reasons

Great Zimbabwe Ruins

Which of the following civilizations was heavily influenced by Egypt? Axum Nubia Ghana Mali

Which of the following civilizations was the only Christian kingdom in Africa? Axum Nubia Ghana Mali

Which of the following is most associated with the spread of Islam in Africa? Sundiata Kieta Sunni Ali Mansa Musa Jesus

What do all of the African civilizations have in common? Black Plague Large Orthodox Christian Churches Gold They are all in the desert

What is the name of the major trade route in Africa? Silk Road Trans-Continental Road Trans-Saharan Trade Route East Asian Trade Route

What feature promoted the development of the kingdoms of Ghana, Mali, and Songhai? Fertile fields for farming Salt and gold mines Abundance of camels Sahara Desert

How would most African civilizations be described? Patrilineal Matrilineal Divine right None of the above.

Why was salt so important? It was used as money It was used as a sweetener It was used to preserve food None of the above.

What desert is found in Africa? Gobi Takla Makan Sahara Silk

The Americas Migrated from Asia 11,500 yrs. ago Bering Strait

Mayas (until 900 AD) Yucatan Peninsula Chichen Itza City-states ruled by king Society based on: Trade- cacao bean used as $ Agriculture- farmers paid taxes in produce & time

Blood rituals & human sacrifices Observatories – towers to “observe” the night sky

900s cities abandoned Invasion? Famine? Epidemic? Peasant revolt?

Aztecs Most glorious & goriest Nomads until settled on island in Lake Texcoco– city Tenochtitlan (200,000 people) Ruled by an emperor Pyramid-temples Chinampas- farming maize (corn), squash, beans, peppers Human sacrifices Warfare- way of capturing sacrifices

1519- Spaniard Hernan Cortes Have cannons & firearms Cortes allied w/ tribes tired of Montezuma 600 Spaniard w/ a few thousand allies conquered Aztecs

Incas South America- Andes Mtns. Machu Picchu Terrace farming Quipus- knots tied in rope for record keeping Quechua- language Potatoes

Polytheistic- human sacrifices Conquered by Francisco Pizarro 1533

Achievements of Mayan, Aztec, and Incan civilizations Calendars Mathematics Writing and other record-keeping systems

Look at the above picture. How are these customs similar?

China in the Middle Ages

Sui Dynasty 500s – 600s Grand Canal World’s oldest & longest 1,114 mi.

http://www.tour-beijing.com/hangzhou_attractions/grand_canal.php

http://www.chinatour2u.com/images/Grand%20Canal1.jpg

Zen Buddhism – meditation Confucianism Rice & tea Tang Dynasty 600s – 900s Golden Age Zen Buddhism – meditation Confucianism Rice & tea

Sung Dynasty (900s – 1200s) Wealthy class Foot binding – women of the house didn’t have to work – sign of wealth

http://www.travelpod.com/travel-blog-entries/wakingdream/interim-2007/1180454640/tpod.html

http://blog. asiahotels http://blog.asiahotels.com/strange-cultural-habits-in-china/footbinding/

http://library.thinkquest.org/05aug/01257/foot.html

Mongols Mounted warriors – cavalry Genghis Khan “Universal Ruler” Conquered Beijing Grandson Kublai Khan Conquered the rest of China Grandson Batu Invaded Russia & Europe Golden Horde

Marco Polo Merchant & explorer @ 17 left Venice for China Traveled around China for 17 yrs.

Japan

Japan Archipelago – island chain Kamikaze “Divine Wind” – typhoon stopped Mongol invasion http://hhh.gavilan.edu/mturetzky/Pols3/Lecture6TheJapanesePoliticalSystem.htm

Shinto Only found in Japan “Way of the kami” – nature spirits Prayers & rituals to please “kami” Existed alongside Zen Buddhism

Torii – Shinto shrine http://www.tripadvisor.com/LocationPhotos-g298561-d306478-Granvia_Hiroshima_Hotel-Hiroshima_Hiroshima_Prefecture_Chugoku.html

Japan’s Feudal System Emperor Shogun – general controlled military, $, & laws Daimyo – local lords Samurai – warriors hired by lords for protection Peasants

Bushido Code of the samurai “way of the warrior” Bravery, loyalty, honor Seppuku or “hara-kiri”– ceremonial suicide to avoid dishonor

http://library.thinkquest.org/05aug/00716/thesamurai.html