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Giardia

Protists The world of Protists: Animal-like Protists Plant-like Protists Fungus-like Protists Kingdom Protista Protists are microscopic, unicellular organisms that have a nucleus and a number of other specialized cell structures According to one hypothesis, the first protists were the result of a symboitic relationship between several types of bacteria Grouped in three catagories Animal – like Plant – Like Fungus – Like

Protist Diversity 200,000 species come in different shapes, sizes, and colors All are eukaryotes – have a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles

Protozoans Animal-like Protists

Protozoans Unicellular – made up of one cell Heterotrophs – they eat other organisms or dead organic matter Classified by how they move

Sarcodines Zooflagellates Ciliates Sporozoans Groups of Protozoans Sarcodines Zooflagellates Ciliates Sporozoans Animal

Sarcodines Have pseudopods (which enable movement) False foot Capture and engulf food Many have shells that support and protect the cell Chalk may have remnants of these ancient protists

Amoebas: the blobs No cell wall Move using pseudopods – plasma extensions Engulf bits of food by flowing around and over them Use their pseusdopods to move and obtain food Forms a bubble like structure called a food vacuole Cell membrane takes in materials and gets rid of waste Reproduce by splitting in two (double the hereditary material) Move from areas of bright to dim light

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=W6rnhiMxtKU&feature=related http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7pR7TNzJ_pA&feature=related

Naegleria fowleri

Lake Havasu http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Nrf3B592DXo

Zooflagellates Live inside the bodies of animals Symbiotic Termites and roaches rely on zooflgellates for survival – to digest wood Parasitic zooflagellates are responsible for diseases African Sleeping Intestinal

Zooflagellates: the motorboats Use a whip-like extension called a flagella to move one to eight flagella Some cause diseases African sleeping sickness Guardia

Relationships Symbiotic – one species beneifts Mutualism Parasitism Flagellates live in termites Mutualism Parasitism Harms host

African Sleeping Sickness

Ciliates: the hairy ones Move beating tiny hairs called cilia Paramecium Slipper shape Has an oral groove Have hair-like projections called cilia on the outside of the cell Cilia act like tiny oars Movement of the cilia helps sweep food towards Cilia cover the entire organism Food enters the http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=336tPUgyc9U

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=l9ymaSzcsdY

Sporazoans: the parasite Non-motile - Do not move Live inside a host One type causes malaria All sporozoans are parasites that feed on the cells and body fluids of their host animals Form cells known as spores Enable sporozoans to pass from one host to the next A new host can become infected with the spores if it eats food containing the spores

Malaria in red blood cells

Plasmodium Causes the malaria disease Humans and Anopheles mosquito are hosts Both are necessary for the life cycle

How do I get infected Easy!! Mosquito with Plasmodium bites you The infected saliva contains spores Now it’s in you

OH NO! Carried in your blood your liver Spores divide Infect red blood cells Blood cells burst Spores infect more blood cells Infect anopheles mosquito Gut, divide, move to mouth

Symptoms Develop within short hours of your blood cells bursting Fever of 105 6-8 (weeks)

Plant – Like Protists

How Are the Plant – Like Protists Classified? Euglenas Diatoms Dinoflagellates Red, Brown, & Green Algae

Outline Plantlike Protists (are phytoflagellates) -Euglena -Diatoms -Dinoflagellates Like plants, plantlike protists are autotrophs that use their light energy to make their own food from simple raw materials Food for animals Produce oxygen for us Flagellates or phytoflagellates with means plant

What are they? (put in notes - Characteristics) Unicellular – single celled Considered Algae Photosynthetic – make their own food No roots, stems, or leaves Each has chlorophyll and other photosynthetic pigments

Plantlike Protists Plantlike protists are autotrophs that use light energy to make their own food from simple raw materials. Organisms rely on these for food (symbiotic) Can turn into heterotrophs if kept in the dark 70% of the Earth’s oxygen comes from these

Euglena: The Survivors Aquatic Move around like animals Reddish Eyespot, 2 flagella, chloroplasts Can ingest food from surroundings when light is not available Variety of forms; some long and oval Has a pellicle – tough outer covering One long and one short flagella Eyespot – sensitive to light

Characteristics Reddish Eyespot Pouch with 2 flagella Chloroplasts

Diatoms: The Golden Ones Have shells made of silica (glass) Photosynthetic pigment called carotenoids – give them a golden color Unicellular How do you feel about brushing your teeth with protists Most numerous of protists 10,000 living species Most attractive Enclosed with a two part glassy shell Covered with spines, patterns, ridges, and holes When they die their glassy shells remain –collect and called diatomaceous earth which is used by humans

Used By Humans Toothpaste Polishing agents Used in traffic lane paint Pools

Dinoflagellates: The Spinning Ones Spin around using two flagella Cell walls like armor plates Responsible for Red Tides Create toxins that can kill animals and sometimes people

Algal Blooms An algal bloom is a rapid increase in the population of algae in an aquatic system. Algal blooms may occur in freshwater as well as marine environments.

Red Tide and Dinoflagellates 1987 – Turned waters in Fl brown and yellow Has been seen on coasts around the world Caused illness Reproduction of these protists is rapid Produce toxins that can kill living things

Red Tide http://video.google.com/videosearch?hl=en&q=Red%20Tide%20and%20Manatees&um=1&ie=UTF-8&sa=N&tab=wv# http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0LdLWPwdwVs

Red Algae: The…uh…Red Ones (duh) Seaweeds Multicellular, marine organisms Have red and blue pigments Used in ice cream and hair conditioners Used in foods as well

Brown Algae: The Brown Ones (You think?) They have air bladders to help them float at the surface – where the light is. Can have other pigments (green, yellow, orange) Found in cool Waters Food and Food thickeners (Algins)

Green Algae: Yeah, You Guessed it, The Green Ones Most live in fresh water Can be unicellular or multicellular Live alone or in groups called colonies

Closing Why is it important to educate the public about such events, like Red Tide? Educate your parents about red tide when you go home today

Fungus-like Protists

Characteristics in Common All form delicate, netlike structures on the surface of their food source Obtain energy by decomposing organic material

Slime Molds Water Molds & Downy Mildews Fungus-like Protists Slime Molds Water Molds & Downy Mildews

Characteristics Most have cell walls Heterotrophs Most are single-celled

Slime Molds http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GScyw3ammmk Live in cool moist, shady places where they grow on damp, organic matter Reproduce with the production of a fruiting body that contains spores

Slime Molds Some form into an enormous cell Some come together an behave like a multicellular organism

Slime Molds continued… May reach more than a meter in diameter Form reproductive structures when surroundings dry up Spores are dispersed by the wind and grow into new cells

Water Molds and Downy Mildews Live in water or moist places Feed on dead organisms or parasitize plants Fuzzy white growths

Photos

How have they affected us? Great Potato Famine in Ireland (1845-1846) Attack other crops Cabbage Corn Grapes Cause disease in aquarium fish

Read the Articles Answer the questions for each article in your notebooks They are located on your desk

How have they affected us? The Oomycota species Phytophthora infestans caused the Great Potato Famine that killed nearly a million people in Ireland in 1845–1846. The water mold virtually wiped out the country’s potato crops, which were an essential staple in the Irish diet (sometimes the only food on the table.) In addition to widespread starvation and malnutrition, the potato blight led more than 1.5 million Irish to flee the country. Because nearly all of the country’s potato crops were clones of a few original imports from South America, they had no natural ability to resist the pathogen.

Continued Another water mold nearly wiped out the entire French wine industry. Plasmopara viticol (also known as downy mildew of grapes) was brought to Europe in the late 1870s on vines from America meant to be bred with French vines in hopes of yielding hybrids with a greater ability to ward off attacks by aphids. The infestation led to the use of the first fungicide, a mixture of copper sulfate and lime, which became known as the Bordeaux mixture for its role in saving the French vines.

IRISH POTATO FAMINE http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rjtkRfsZUck http://player.discoveryeducation.com/index.cfm?guidAssetId=81170ec4-d870-4c32-8d58-10df78373867

Activity Educated the public about red tide, brain-eating amoeba, or malaria Must contain three facts about protists Show its affects on humans and animals Poster, Poem, Drawing, Paragraph, Story, Song, etc…..

That’s All