Classical Civilizations – Greece and Rome Minoan and Mycenean Cultures Small islands in the Aegean Sea, Crete islands, mainland of Greece Knossos Towns and cities Mud brick structure Stones for palaces Palace of King Minos – 1450-1370 BCE Loose agglomeration of rooms around a large central open area Lower level of small narrow rooms Upper level of larger rooms Traces of wall paintings Queen’s room Throne room – Elements with images of plants and animals contrasts with the simplicity of the stone floor, benches, high back stone throne History of Interior Design Sofia Sebastian

Classical Civilizations – Greece and Rome Mycenea and Tiryns 1400-1250 BCE Placed on high ground Fortified walls for defense Rough cut stones without mortar – cyclopean masonry Mycenea palaces Large rectangular or square room Porch entrance Complex, painted patterns on the roof and wall Floor – decorated tiles Cities on Crete destroyed in 1400 BCE Greece Wooden building History of Interior Design Sofia Sebastian

Classical Civilizations – Greece and Rome Doric Order Stylobate Slightly tapered column Entablature – cornice, frieze, architrave Capital – abacus, echinus h=4 diam h=8 diam Theory of proportion – Golden section 1:1.618 Ionic Order Taller and thinner Adds a base Scroll form – volutes More feminine Corinthian Order Most ornate Small volutes at the corners Carved form of acanthus leaves History of Interior Design Sofia Sebastian

Classical Civilizations – Greece and Rome The Temple Gabled roof Enclosed space – cella – one or two rooms Peristyle Order – organization to a carefully integrated plan Refinement Optical corrections Mezzanine / balcony History of Interior Design Sofia Sebastian

Classical Civilizations – Greece and Rome Skias in the Agora, Athens – 465 BCE Skias served as a dining hall and council chamber Interiors used strong colour (polychromy) History of Interior Design Sofia Sebastian

Classical Civilizations – Greece and Rome Secular Interiors No enclosed interior spaces Greek theatre – open to sky Towns had an open square – agora Stoas in agora – shelter for commerce Greek ornamental detail Greek key pattern used in mosaic tiles – frequent feature in Greek interiors History of Interior Design Sofia Sebastian

Classical Civilizations – Greece and Rome Greek houses – rooms around open court Packed along the streets with blank exteriors Entrance doorway Materials – sun baked brick Rough stone Plastered stucco wall Andron – a kind of parlour for the use of men at the entrance Occus – all purpose living and work space Floors of tamped earth History of Interior Design Sofia Sebastian

Classical Civilizations – Greece and Rome Furniture Slightly curved back Supported by corner uprights Elegantly curved legs Seat – open square of round wooden members webbed with leather Klismos Foot rest in front of the chair Steam bending for the legs curve History of Interior Design Sofia Sebastian

Classical Civilizations – Greece and Rome Greek theaters Decoration is rich and complex History of Interior Design Sofia Sebastian

Rome Classical Civilizations – Greece and Rome Houses followed the Greek megaron type With mud brick and wood as primary material A columned portico with gabled roof Tuscan order Rome- found in 753 BCE Roads, bridges and aquaducts Vast interior spaces History of Interior Design Sofia Sebastian

Classical Civilizations – Greece and Rome Arches, Vaults and Dome Arch – arrangement of wedge shaped stones together (voussoir) Roman arch Centering for arches Arches can span wide openings Barrel vault Groin vault Dome History of Interior Design Sofia Sebastian

Classical Civilizations – Greece and Rome Ashlar masonry – neatly cut stone Developed concrete – a mix of cement or mortar using volcanic ash called pozzolana Stone – used for exterior and interior surfaces But the internal structure – brick/ concrete Amphitheater and Bath Colloseum Open to sky Only enclosed spaces Systems of passages and stair to give access to seating Tent like covering Arches/ Barrel vaults History of Interior Design Sofia Sebastian

Classical Civilizations – Greece and Rome Public Baths Vast clusters of enclosed spaces in varied sizes and shapes Furnace heat passed through underflow spaces Symmetrical plan History of Interior Design Sofia Sebastian

Classical Civilizations – Greece and Rome Temples - Pantheon Corinthian order Pilasters used not for standing columns Coffered vault Niches Apses Pediment Walls below the dome Acts as attic or upper storey 5 tiers of coffers Occulus Walls – concrete and brick History of Interior Design Sofia Sebastian

Classical Civilizations – Greece and Rome Temples - Pantheon Corinthian order Pilasters used not for standing columns Coffered vault Niches Apses Pediment Walls below the dome Acts as attic or upper storey 5 tiers of coffers Occulus Walls – concrete and brick History of Interior Design Sofia Sebastian

Classical Civilizations – Greece and Rome Secular buildings Basilica – court room Nave – public Apse – judge Clerestory masonry walls to support a wooden roof Christian church after Christianity (306 BCE) History of Interior Design Sofia Sebastian

Classical Civilizations – Greece and Rome Markets – Vaulted covered hall History of Interior Design Sofia Sebastian

Classical Civilizations – Greece and Rome Pompeiian house History of Interior Design Sofia Sebastian

Classical Civilizations – Greece and Rome Furniture and other Interior furnishing Hot lava destroyed the wooden parts of houses Stone couches and tables Iron and bronze artifacts Decorative fresco paintings and mosaic Colours – black and vermillion red Pharmacy – worktables, stools and cabinets Cupids History of Interior Design Sofia Sebastian

Classical Civilizations – Greece and Rome Roman bed or couch – bronze The leg and frame of bronze – supporting a surface of leather, cloth or woven material. The bronze bars at head and foot end has sculpted decorative serpent’s heads History of Interior Design Sofia Sebastian

Classical Civilizations – Greece and Rome Throne – carved Form based on the Greek klismos More massive back supported by upright members on either side The members rise from the tops of the back legs so as to increase structural solidity Chairs – lighter – simple functional design - wicker History of Interior Design Sofia Sebastian