Time period of tensions between the United States and the Soviet Union as they maneuver for control of other regions of the world in order to preserve their way of life
Points of View: Reasons for tensions US Capitalism: Private ownership is operated for individual profit. Individual has rights the government is bound to respect. Did not recognize Soviet Union for 16 years Delayed 2nd front Postwar Vision Open World
Points of View: Reasons for tensions Soviet Union Communism: The individual does not have rights the nation is bound to respect. No private ownership. “The people” own everything Bolsheviks called for world revolution Stalins initial treaty with Hitler Postwar Vision Security Friendly “satellite states” West Spheres of influence Protect itself
How Should US Keep Communism out of Europe? Marshall Plan: US invests billions of $ to help rebuild European nations Very successful North American Treaty Organization Militarized the Cold War. US, Canada, Britain, and most of Western Europe join for mutual protection.
United Nations International group where nations can peacefully address their concerns. Focuses on International law International security Economic improvement Human rights
Communism Spreads Out
Soviet Union Isolates Itself Sweeps through eastern Europe Satellite States Eastern European nations turn to communism after Soviet Union takes control Shields Soviet Union from attack by Europe Iron Curtain Warsaw Pact Mutual protection agreement between Soviet Union and many Satellite states
China turns to Communism (1949) US supported Nationalists are chased out of China Communist Party takes over China Chairman Mao A lot of $ and power lost by US in Asia
Korean War (1950) Korea split 1950 N. Korea invades South Soviets accepted Japans surrender North US in the South 1950 N. Korea invades South UN called to restore peace President Harry Truman Commits US military to lead UN troops 1949 Soviets & US wthdraw NSC 68: recommends that US quadruple defense spending Marked militarization of US foreign policy Reflected sense of limitless possibility
Korean War General MacArthur commands troops Pushed north
Korean War Nov. 1950 Chinese cross border Fight stalemates at 38th parallel MacArthur v President Truman Cease Fire 1953 MacArthur wants to bloackade China abd bomb bases in Manchuria criticized Trumans denil and was removed from command
Vietnam Communist attempting to take Vietnam away from France US pays for 80% of Frances cost 1954 France loses major base in North Geneva Conference 17th Parallel President Eisenhower sends more $ and advisors
Soviet Union wins first Space Race Sputnik (1957) Soviet Satellite sent to orbit Visible to Americans Effect: Fear of attack Increase funding for education
Cuban Revolution (1959) Fidel Castro overthrow General Batista Cuba is now Communist US businesses lose a lot of $ Embargo on all Cuban products
Cuba- Bay of Pigs (1961) CIA plan to train 1200 Cuban rebels Rebels dropped off in Bay of Pigs Pinned down President Kennedy looked at as weak against communism
Cuban Missile Crisis (1962) Soviet Nuclear Missiles spotted in Cuba President JFK instructs Castro and Khrushchev to remove missiles Quarantine Cuba Soviet ships due to arrive Confrontation? Nuclear war? Soviets withdraw