History and Gov’t of the U.S. Unit 2 Day 3 Chapter 6 Section 1

Spanish Arrived First First Europeans in North America Founded St. Augustine in 1565 1600s: French settled near Quebec, Canada and English settled Eastern coastline of modern U.S. English made first permanent settlement in Jamestown, Virginia in 1607 Video St. Augustine is the oldest permanent Euro settlement in America French settled in 1600s in modern day Canada near Quebec English around the same time Columbian Exchange– Goods native to Europe where traded for native goods from the Americas

Columbian Exchange Goods native to Europe & Africa were traded for goods native to the Americas Examples of goods going from America to Europe/Africa: Corn, turkeys, sweet potatoes, peanuts, pineapple Examples of goods going from Europe/Africa to America: Cows, pigs, sugar cane, Diseases (smallpox & malaria), coffee

Establishing and Maintaining the Union 1763: Great Britain controlled all North America east of Mississippi River 1775-1783: American Revolution 1803: Louisiana Purchase 1861-1865: Civil War 1763: 13 colonies are the territory of Great Britain; GB controlled all trade, taxes, and government; colonists had no representation/ability to make decisions for themselves 1775: Resentment from the American colonists against their leaders (who were thousands of miles away) led to the Amer. Revolution; Founded the U.S. and expansion moved rapidly 1803: U.S. nearly doubled in size; Land purchased from France; gained all territory between the Mississippi and the Rocky Mtns. 1861: North had industrialized (began using machinery in textile mills and factories) while the South relied on slave labour for their agricultural production; led to economic and political tension between the North and South; “pitted brother against brother”; Confederacy formed in the South as a separate entity than the Union.

What led to industrialization? Oregon Trail Wagon train takes 6 months to travel From 1860 to 1900, 14 million immigrants come to the United States. Immigrants came here to move westward into the Frontier for a better future USA changes to an industrial nation Examples: textile mills, steel production, oil drilling, and food processing Wagon train taking 6 months to travel Examples of industrialization: textile mills, steel production, oil drilling, and food processing

How Did America Become a Super Power? Global economic depression and 2 world wars After WWII, USA the only “healthy” nation Cold War: 1945-1991 Threats of using nuclear weapons from Russia on the U.S. and vice versa No real war occurred, mostly threats, spying, & intelligence gathering Fall of Communism in 1991 made the U.S. the sole Super Power in the world Cold War- threats of using nuclear weapons from Russia on the U.S. and the U.S. taking the same stance; no real war occurred, mostly threats and spying/intelligence gathering

How did America’s economy change? People move to the suburbs Equals Rights Movements: 1960s-1970s Fought for the right to be equal under the law Dr. MLK Jr. -- Famous political activist Vietnam War: 1955-1975 U.S. gets involved in a war to “free” the Communist Vietnamese U.S. economy began to boom September 11, 2001 Global recession in 2008 Vietnam War: U.S. gets involved in a war between Communists and Non-communists; many believed that the U.S. didn’t belong there; U.S. government went in under the pre-text of “freeing” the Communist citizens; despite everything the economy began to boom! Equals Rights movements of the 1960s and 1970s were fought for the right to be equal UNDER THE LAW; push back from society made it difficult, but a lot of movements were successful; Dr. MLK Jr. was a famous political activist that wanted to see Blacks and Whites working together for a better future

American Government US Constitution was drawn up in 1787 Representative democracy- elected to vote/make decisions on our behalf 3 separate but equal branches Executive- enacts laws Legislative- carries out the law Judicial- interprets the law