Introduction to Chemistry
Chemistry The study of: the composition (make-up) of matter the changes that matter undergoes
What is matter? Anything that: Has _______ and Occupies ________ (volume). mass space
Science What? Why? How? When?
Aristotle (Greece, 4th Century BC) Philosopher who believed that: There are 4 elements: __________________ Matter is perpetually divisible. earth, water, air, fire
Democritus (Greece, 4th Century BC) First atomic theory Atom (indivisible).
Alchemists (~300BC-1650 AD) China, India, Arabia, Europe, Egypt Aiming to: _______________ Develop medicines. Developed lab equipment. Mystical. Change common metals to gold.
______________(Italy 1564 AD) Galileo Galilei ______________(Italy 1564 AD) Father of the scientific method (along with the Englishman Francis Bacon 1500’s).
Antoine Lavoisier (France 1743-1794) Regarded as the Father of Chemistry. Designed equipment. Used observations and measurements. Discovered nitrogen.
Antoine Lavoisier (cont’d) Discovered the Law of Conservation of Mass: In a chemical reaction mass is conserved.
Antoine Lavoisier (cont’d) Explained burning as reaction with oxygen. Old theory: release of “phlogiston”.
John Dalton (England 1766-1844) Atomic theory
Amedeo Avogadro (Italy, 1776-1856) Avogadro’s Number ___________ One mole of any substance contains ___________ particles. 6.02x1023 6.02x1023
Dmitri Mendeléev (Russia, 1834-1907) First _______________________ Periodic Table of elements.
LABORATORY SAFETY
General Info If you do not follow the rules, you will not be allowed to participate in the lab. Missed labs cannot be made up.
Before the Lab Read the instructions Leave belongings at your desk Make sure you are dressed appropriately and prepared for the lab
Classroom know location and use of The Fire Extinguisher The eye was station The emergency shower Fume hood Fire Blanket
Appropriate Lab Dress All students must wear protective eye wear at all times during an experiment. No contacts Students must wear long pants. No shorts or skirts Aprons and gloves are optional
Clothing Precautions Students with long hair must be pulled back. Students must not wear open toed shoes Hats are not allowed in lab
NO Eating Never put anything in your mouth during the lab (including chemicals, solutions, equipment, food, drink, or gum) Avoid touching your hair and face during the lab. Keep your elbows off the lab bench
Accidents Report all accidents no matter how small to the instructor, Small cuts Broken glass Spills Rinse out spills, burns or cuts with cold water.
Reagent Safety Double check the labels Open reagent bottles slowly Keep reagents clean of contamination Only mixing reagents you have been instructed to Always obtain reagents from the instructor .
Reagent Safety- wafting to smell a reagent gently wave your hand over the opening toward your nose (wafting).
Corrosive Liquid When diluting acids add acid into water to avoid splattering. Do NOT pour the remaining liquid into the original container. Treat colorless liquids as harmful liquids and use extreme caution when cleaning it.
Broken Glass Report all broken glass to instructor Never pick up broken glass with your hands Do not insert glass tubing into rubber stoppers with bare hands
Heating Glassware Never look into a container while it is being heated. Hot glass should never be carried through the lab Do not heat glassware with cracks or stars
FINSHING UP! clean and dry all equipment and return it to the same place you found it. WASH YOUR HANDS before leaving the lab.