Virtual Cluster Development Environment Presented by S.THAMARAI SELVI PROFESSOR DEPT. OF INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY MADRAS INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY CHROMEPET, CHENNAI Open Source Grid and Cluster Conference-2008 at OAKLAND on 15.05.2008 9/18/2018 Open Source Grid & Cluster 2008 by S.T.Selvi-MIT, Anna University, India

Agenda Virtualization Xen Machines VCDE overview VCDE Architecture VCDE Component details Conclusion 9/18/2018 Open Source Grid & Cluster 2008 by S.T.Selvi-MIT, Anna University, India

Virtualization Virtualization is a framework or methodology of dividing the resources of a computer into multiple execution environments, by applying one or more concepts or technologies such as hardware and software partitioning, time-sharing, partial or complete machine simulation, emulation, quality of service, and many others. Source http://www.kernelthread.com It allows you to run multiple operating systems simultaneously on a single machine 9/18/2018 Open Source Grid & Cluster 2008 by S.T.Selvi-MIT, Anna University, India

Need for Virtualization Integrates fragmented resources Isolation across VMs - Security Resource Provisioning Dynamic Configuration Efficient Resource Utilization 9/18/2018 Open Source Grid & Cluster 2008 by S.T.Selvi-MIT, Anna University, India

Hypervisor - The hypervisor is the most basic virtualization component Hypervisor - The hypervisor is the most basic virtualization component. It's the software that decouples the operating system and applications from their physical resources. A hypervisor has its own kernel and it's installed directly on the hardware, or "bare metal." It is, almost literally, inserted between the hardware and the Guest OS. Virtual Machine - A virtual machine (VM) is a self-contained operating environment—software that works with, but is independent of, a host operating system. In other words, it's a platform-independent software implementation of a CPU that runs compiled code. The VMs must be written specifically for the OSes on which they run. Virtualization technologies are sometimes called dynamic virtual machine software. 9/18/2018 Open Source Grid & Cluster 2008 by S.T.Selvi-MIT, Anna University, India

Virtual Machines “A system VM provides a complete, persistent system environment that supports an operating system along with its many user processes. It provides the guest operating system with access to virtual hardware resources, including networking, I/O, and perhaps a graphical usser interface along wiith a processor and memory.” Source: Architecture of Virtual Machines, Smith & Nair, Computer,, May 2005,, pp 32-38 9/18/2018 Open Source Grid & Cluster 2008 by S.T.Selvi-MIT, Anna University, India

Paravirtualization It is a type of virtualization in which the entire OS runs on top of the hypervisor and communicates with it directly, typically resulting in better performance. The kernels of both the OS and the hypervisor must be modified, however, to accommodate this close interaction. Ex. Xen Machine 9/18/2018 Open Source Grid & Cluster 2008 by S.T.Selvi-MIT, Anna University, India

Xen Xen is an open-source Virtual Machine Monitor or Hypervisor for both 32- and 64-bit processor architectures. It runs as software directly on top of the bare-metal, physical hardware and enables you to run several virtual guest operating systems on the same host computer at the same time. The virtual machines are executed securely and efficiently with near-native performance. 9/18/2018 Open Source Grid & Cluster 2008 by S.T.Selvi-MIT, Anna University, India

Xen Hypervisor (VMM) sits on top of H//W Ported to Linux/FreeBSD/NetBSD Hosted OS kernel modification required Near- native performance Highly scalable 9/18/2018 Open Source Grid & Cluster 2008 by S.T.Selvi-MIT, Anna University, India

Xen Source: http://www.cl.cam.ac.uk/netos/papers/2003xensosp.pdf, p5 9/18/2018 Open Source Grid & Cluster 2008 by S.T.Selvi-MIT, Anna University, India

Grid Enabled Resources Grid Context Users Job submission Portal / CLI Resource Broker Maps to Physical resources Grid Enabled Resources PBS cluster SGE cluster LSFcluster Torque cluster C3 C4 C2 C1 Physical Resources 9/18/2018 Open Source Grid & Cluster 2008 by S.T.Selvi-MIT, Anna University, India

In our context … … Cluster Head Node 9/18/2018 Open Source Grid & Cluster 2008 by S.T.Selvi-MIT, Anna University, India

VCDE - Objectives Design and Development of Virtual Cluster Development Environment for Grids using Xen machines The remote deployment of Grid environment to execute any application written in parallel or sequential application has been automated by VCDE 9/18/2018 Open Source Grid & Cluster 2008 by S.T.Selvi-MIT, Anna University, India

VCDE Architecture JOB SUBMISSION PORTAL GLOBUS CONTAINER VIRTUAL CLUSTER SERVICE VIRTUAL INFORMATION SERVICE NETWORK MANAGER VIRTUAL CLUSTER SERVER IP USER POOL POOL SECURITY SERVER CLUSTER HEAD NODE JOB STATUS SERVICE RESOURCE AGGREGATOR HOST POOL SCHEDULER DISPATCHER MATCH MAKER JOB POOL VIRTUAL CLUSTER MANAGER EXECUTOR MODULE TRANSFER MODULE VIRTUAL CLUSTER DEVELOPMENT ENVIRONMET VIRTUAL MACHINE CREATOR VIRTUAL MACHINE CREATOR VIRTUAL MACHINE CREATOR COMPUTENODE 1 COMPUTENODE 2 COMPUTENODE n 9/18/2018 Open Source Grid & Cluster 2008 by S.T.Selvi-MIT, Anna University, India

The VCDE Components Virtual cluster service and Virtual information service Virtual cluster server User pool Job status service Job pool Network service Resource Aggregator Dispatcher Match maker Host pool Virtual Cluster Manager Executor 9/18/2018 Open Source Grid & Cluster 2008 by S.T.Selvi-MIT, Anna University, India

Globus Toolkit Services Two custom services are developed and deployed in Globus tool kit and running as virtual workspace, the underlying virtual machine is based on Xen VMM. Virtual cluster service which is used to create Virtual Clusters Virtual information service which is used to know the status of virtual resources. 9/18/2018 Open Source Grid & Cluster 2008 by S.T.Selvi-MIT, Anna University, India

Job Submission client This component is responsible getting the user requirements for the creation of virtual cluster. When the user is accessing the Virtual Cluster Service the user’s identity is verified using grid-map file. The Virtual Cluster Service contacts the Virtual Cluster Development Environment (VCDE) to create and configure the Virtual Cluster. The inputs are type of Os, disk size, Host name etc. 9/18/2018 Open Source Grid & Cluster 2008 by S.T.Selvi-MIT, Anna University, India

Virtual Cluster Service (VCS) It is the central or core part of the Virtual Cluster Development Environment. The Virtual Cluster Service contacts the VCDE for virtual machine creation. The Virtual Cluster Server maintains the Dispatcher, Network Manager, Resource Aggregator, User Manager, and Job Queue. 9/18/2018 Open Source Grid & Cluster 2008 by S.T.Selvi-MIT, Anna University, India

Resource Aggregator This module fetches all the resource information from physical cluster and these information are updated periodically to the Host Pool. The Host Pool maintains the Head and Compute node’s logical volume partition, logical volume disk space total and free, ram size total and free, Kernel type, gateway, broadcast address, network address, netmask etc. 9/18/2018 Open Source Grid & Cluster 2008 by S.T.Selvi-MIT, Anna University, India

Match Maker The Match Making process compares the User’s requirements with the physical resource availability. The physical resource information such as Disk space, RamSizeFree, Kernel Version, Operating Systems are gathered from the resource aggregator via virtual cluster server module. In this module the rank of matched host is calculated by using RamSizeFree and disk space. The details are returned as Hashtable with hostname and rank and send it to the UserServiceThread. 9/18/2018 Open Source Grid & Cluster 2008 by S.T.Selvi-MIT, Anna University, India

Host, User and Job pools Host pool gets the list of hosts form the information aggregator and identifies the list of free nodes in order to create virtual machines on the physical nodes. User pool is responsible for maintaining the list of authorized users. It also has the facility to allow which users are allowed to create the virtual execution environment. We can also limit the number of jobs for each user. Job pool maintains a user request as jobs in Queue from the user manager module. It processes the user request one by one for the dispatcher module to the input for match maker module 9/18/2018 Open Source Grid & Cluster 2008 by S.T.Selvi-MIT, Anna University, India

Job Status Job Status service accesses the Job Pool through VCDE Server and displays the virtual cluster status and job status dynamically. 9/18/2018 Open Source Grid & Cluster 2008 by S.T.Selvi-MIT, Anna University, India

Dispatcher Dispatcher is invoked when the job is submitted to the Virtual Cluster Server. The Dispatcher module gets the job requirements and updates in the job pool with job id. After that, the dispatcher sends the job to match making module with user's Requirements available in the host pool. The matched hosts are identified and the ranks for the matched resources are computed. The rank is calculated based on the free ramsize. The resource which has more free ramsize gets the highest rank. 9/18/2018 Open Source Grid & Cluster 2008 by S.T.Selvi-MIT, Anna University, India

Scheduler The Scheduler module is invoked after the matching host list is generated by the match making module. The resources are ordered based on the rank. The node having the highest rank is considered as the Head node for the Virtual Clusters. Virtual machines are created as compute nodes from the matched host list and the list of these resources are sent to Dispatcher Module. 9/18/2018 Open Source Grid & Cluster 2008 by S.T.Selvi-MIT, Anna University, India

Virtual Cluster Manager Virtual Cluster Manager Module (VCM) is implemented by using the Round-Robin Algorithm. Based on the user’s node count, VCM creates the first node as the head node and others as compute nodes. The VCM waits until it receives the message on successful creation of Virtual Cluster and the completion software installation. 9/18/2018 Open Source Grid & Cluster 2008 by S.T.Selvi-MIT, Anna University, India

Virtual Machine Creator The two main functions of the virtual machine creator are Updating Resource Information and Creation of Virtual Machines The resource information viz., hostname, OS, Architecture, Kernel Version, Ram disk, Logical Volume device, Ram Size, Broadcast Address, Net mask, Network Address and Gateway Addresses are getting updated in the host pool through VCS. Based the message received from the Virtual Cluster Manager it starts to create the virtual machines. If the message received from the VCM is “Head Node”, it starts to create the Virtual Cluster Head Node with required software else if the message received from the Virtual Cluster Manager is “Client Node”, it creates the compute node with minimal software. 9/18/2018 Open Source Grid & Cluster 2008 by S.T.Selvi-MIT, Anna University, India

Automation of GT Prerequisite software for the Globus installation has been automated. The required softwares are JDK Ant Tomcat web server Junit Torque 9/18/2018 Open Source Grid & Cluster 2008 by S.T.Selvi-MIT, Anna University, India

Automation of GT All the steps required for the Globus installation also been automated. Globus package installation Configurations like SimpleCA, RFT and other services. 9/18/2018 Open Source Grid & Cluster 2008 by S.T.Selvi-MIT, Anna University, India

Security Server The Security Server is to perform mutual authentication dynamically. When the Virtual Cluster installation and configuration is completed, the Security client running in the virtual cluster head node sends the certificate file, signing policy file and the user's identity to the Security server running in VCS. 9/18/2018 Open Source Grid & Cluster 2008 by S.T.Selvi-MIT, Anna University, India

Executor Module After the formation of virtual clusters, the executor module is invoked. This module fetches the job information from the job pool and creates RSL file and contacts the Virtual Cluster Head Node’s Job Managed Factory Service and submits this job description RSL file. It gets the job status and updates the same in the job pool. 9/18/2018 Open Source Grid & Cluster 2008 by S.T.Selvi-MIT, Anna University, India

Transfer Module The job executable, input files and RSL file are transferred using the transfer manager to the Virtual Cluster Head Node. After the execution of the job, the output file is transferred to the head node of the physical cluster. 9/18/2018 Open Source Grid & Cluster 2008 by S.T.Selvi-MIT, Anna University, India

Virtual Information Service The resource information server fetches the Xen Hypervisor status, hostname, operating system, privileged domain id and name, Kernel Version, Ramdisk, Logical Volume Space, Total and Free Memory, Ram Size details, Network related information and the details of the created virtual cluster. 9/18/2018 Open Source Grid & Cluster 2008 by S.T.Selvi-MIT, Anna University, India

VCDE Architecture JOB SUBMISSION PORTAL GLOBUS CONTAINER VIRTUAL CLUSTER SERVICE VIRTUAL INFORMATION SERVICE NETWORK MANAGER VIRTUAL CLUSTER SERVER IP USER POOL POOL SECURITY SERVER CLUSTER HEAD NODE JOB STATUS SERVICE RESOURCE AGGREGATOR HOST POOL SCHEDULER DISPATCHER MATCH MAKER JOB POOL VIRTUAL CLUSTER DEVELOPMENT ENVIRONMET VIRTUAL CLUSTER MANAGER EXECUTOR MODULE TRANSFER MODULE VIRTUAL MACHINE CREATOR VIRTUAL MACHINE CREATOR VIRTUAL MACHINE CREATOR VIRTUAL HEAD NODE VIRTUAL COMPUTE NODE 1 VIRTUAL COMPUTE NODE n VIRTUALCLUSTER COMPUTENODE 1 COMPUTENODE 2 COMPUTENODE n 9/18/2018 Open Source Grid & Cluster 2008 by S.T.Selvi-MIT, Anna University, India

VIRTUAL CLUSTER FORMATION Fedora 4 nodes 512 MB 10 GB Fedora 4 nodes 512 MB 10 GB VCDE SERVER VM CREATOR VM CREATOR VM CREATOR VM CREATOR Ethernet HEAD NODE SLAVE NODE 1 SLAVE NODE 2 SLAVE NODE 3 VIRTUAL CLUSTER 9/18/2018 Open Source Grid & Cluster 2008 by S.T.Selvi-MIT, Anna University, India

Image Constituents Node Type Image Size VM Image Constituents Head Node 2.0 GB file system image Fedora Core 4 GT4.0.1 Binary Installer Jdk1.6 Apache Ant 1.6 PostgreSQL 7.4 Torque-1.2.0 Mpich-1.2.6 Junit-3.8.1 Jakarta-tomcat-5.0.27 FASTA Application and Nucleotide sequence database Compute Node 1.0 GB file system image Fedora core 4 9/18/2018 Open Source Grid & Cluster 2008 by S.T.Selvi-MIT, Anna University, India

Experimental Setup In our testbed, We have created the physical cluster with four nodes, one Head Node and three compute nodes. The operating system in the head node is Scientific Linux 4.0 with 2.6 Kernel Xen 3.0.2, GT4.0.5 VCDE Server and VCDE Scheduler In the compute node, VM Creator is the only module running. 9/18/2018 Open Source Grid & Cluster 2008 by S.T.Selvi-MIT, Anna University, India

Conclusion VCDE has been implemented for a single cluster The VCDE (Virtual Cluster Development Environment) has been designed and developed for creating virtual clusters automatically to satisfy the requirements of the users. There is no human intervention in the process of creating the virtual execution environment. The complete automation takes more time, so in the near future, the performance of the VCDE will be improved VCDE has been implemented for a single cluster It has to be extended for multiple clusters by considering the meta scheduler. 9/18/2018 Open Source Grid & Cluster 2008 by S.T.Selvi-MIT, Anna University, India

References 1. Foster, I., C. Kesselman, J. Nick, and S. Tuecke, “The Physiology of the Grid: An Open Grid Services Architecture for Distributed Systems Integration”, 2002: Open Grid Service Infrastructure WG, Global Grid Forum. 2. Foster, I., C. Kesselman, and S. Tuecke, “The Anatomy of the Grid: Enabling Scalable Virtual Organizations”, International Journal of Supercomputer Applications, 2001. 15(3): p. 200-222. 3. Goldberg, R., “Survey of Virtual Machine Research” , IEEE Computer, 1974. 7(6): p. 34-45. 4. Keahey, K., I. Foster, T. Freeman, X. Zhang, and D. Galron, “Virtual Workspaces in the Grid”, ANL/MCS-P1231-0205, 2005. 5. Figueiredo, R., P. Dinda, and J. Fortes, "A Case for Grid Computing on Virtual Machines”, 23rd International Conference on Distributed Computing Systems. 2003. 6. Reed, D., I. Pratt, P. Menage, S. Early, and N. Stratford, “Xenoservers: Accountable Execution of Untrusted Programs”, 7th Workshop on Hot Topics in Operating Systems,1999. Rio Rico, AZ: IEEE Computer Society Press. 7. Barham, P., B. Dragovic, K. Fraser, S. Hand, T. Harris, A. Ho, R. Neugebar, I. Pratt, and A. Warfield, “Xen and the Art of Virtualization”, ACM Symposium on Operating Systems Principles (SOSP). 8. Sugerman, J., G. Venkitachalan, and B.H. Lim, “Virtualizing I/O devices on VMware workstation's hosted virtual machine monitor”, USENIX Annual Technical Conference, 2001. 9/18/2018 Open Source Grid & Cluster 2008 by S.T.Selvi-MIT, Anna University, India

References continued… 9. Adabala, S., V. Chadha, P. Chawla, R. Figueiredo, J. Fortes, I. Krsul, A. Matsunaga, M. Tsugawa, J. Zhang, M. Zhao, L. Zhu, and X. Zhu, “From Virtualized Resources to Virtual Computing Grids”, The In-VIGO System, Future Generation Computer Systems, 2004. 10. Sundararaj, A. and P. Dinda,” Towards Virtual Networks for Virtual Machine Grid Computing”, 3rd USENIX Conference on Virtual Machine Technology, 2004. 11. Jiang, X. and D. Xu, “VIOLIN: Virtual Internetworking on OverLay Infrastructure”, Department of Computer Sciences Technical Report CSD TR 03-027, Purdue University, 2003. 12. Keahey, K., I. Foster, T. Freeman, X. Zhang, and D. Galron, “Virtual Workspaces in the Grid”, Europar. 2005, Lisbon, Portugal. 13. Keahey, K., I. Foster, T. Freeman, and X. Zhang, “Virtual Workspaces: Achieving Quality of Service and Quality of Life in the Grid”, Scientific Progamming Journal, 2005. 14. I.Foster, T. Freeman, K.Keahey, D.Scheftner, B.Sotomayor, X.Zhang, “Virtual Clusters for Grid Communities”, CCGRID 2006, Singapore (2006) 15. T. Freeman, K. Keahey, “Flying Low: Simple Leases with Workspace Pilot”, Euro-Par 2008. 16. Keahey, K., T. Freeman, J. Lauret, D. Olson, “Virtual Workspaces for Scientific Applications” , SciDAC 2007 Conference, Boston, MA, June 2007 17. Sotomayor, B. Masters paper, “ A Resource Management Model for VM-Based Virtual Workspaces” ,University of Chicago, February 2007 18. Bradshaw, R., N. Desai, T. Freeman, K. Keahey, “A Scalable Approach To Deploying And Managing Appliances” , TeraGrid 2007, Madison, WI, June 2007 9/18/2018 Open Source Grid & Cluster 2008 by S.T.Selvi-MIT, Anna University, India

Q & A Q U E S T I O N S A N S W E R S 9/18/2018 Open Source Grid & Cluster 2008 by S.T.Selvi-MIT, Anna University, India

Thank you all Thank you all Work Hard Think High 9/18/2018 Open Source Grid & Cluster 2008 by S.T.Selvi-MIT, Anna University, India