The Jackson Era

Who carried most of the Southern votes? ELECTION OF 1824 Andrew Jackson claimed there was a “corrupt bargain”. Can you explain why he said that? Who carried most of the Southern votes? Who carried most of the Northern votes?

Who won by a fairly large margin and became the 7th President? ELECTION OF 1828 Who won by a fairly large margin and became the 7th President?

Voting West – white men over 21 could vote East – suffrage to all white men

Women, Native Americans and African Americans could not vote

Two (2) new political parties Adam’s supporters = National Republicans/known as Whigs

Jackson’s supporters = Democrats

New ways to choose candidates Previous method = caucus Called undemocratic by critics because few people had a say

New method = nominating conventions

Andrew Jackson About Him:

Spoils System Jackson fired federal employees and replaced them with his supporters “To the victor belong the spoils” – Jackson supporter

Kitchen Cabinet Jackson relied on advice from Democratic leaders and newspaper editors instead of his official cabinet The group met in the White House Kitchen

Bank War & Election of 1832 Jackson disliked the Bank of the U.S. (charter was set to expire in 1836) and it’s President Nicholas Biddle

Henry Clay and Daniel Webster, both Whigs, convinced Biddle to apply early for a new Bank charter in order to make it an issue in the 1832 election Clay and Webster believed if Jackson vetoed the charter, he would lose the election

To tell you the truth, I don’t see a use for the Bank of the United States.

I really don’t like the bank President Nicholas Biddle either.

Mr. Biddle, the election of 1832 is just around the corner Mr. Biddle, the election of 1832 is just around the corner. Henry Clay and I want to get rid of this Jackson fellow. Can you help us?

Sure. What should I do?

Apply early for a new bank charter Apply early for a new bank charter. Jackson will veto it and it will cause him to lose the election of 1832.

Jackson vetoed the bank charter, he would veto more legislation than all previous Presidents combined. Bank Charter

Election of 1832 Whigs: Henry Clay Democrats: Andrew Jackson Jackson won a surprising victory

Bank closes The banks charter was good until 1836 but after re-election, Jackson took immediate action. First Bank of The United States

Jackson ordered Secretary of the Treasury Roger Taney to put money in pet banks which Taney and his friends controlled

Tariff of Abominations In 1828, Congress passed the highest tariff in history, which the South called the Tariff of Abominations because of its effect on Southern planters

Vice President John C. Calhoun supported states’ rights and believed the states had the right to declare a federal law illegal (nullification) Both Andrew Jackson and Daniel Webster disagreed with Calhoun believing the Constitution united the American people

Do the states have the right to declare a federal law illegal?

VICE PRESIDENT Vice President Calhoun eventually resigned over the disagreement and Martin Van Buren became Vice President in 1833.

Nullification Crisis Anger in the South over high tariff grew South Carolina (John Calhoun became Senator of S.C. after resigning Vice presidency) passed Nullification Act and threatened to secede from the Union

While supporting a compromise tariff proposed by Henry Clay, Jackson and Congress passed the Force Bill, allowing him to use the army if necessary to enforce tariff in South Carolina South Carolina agreed to Clay’s compromise Increased tensions between North and South

Andrew Jackson and the Native Americans Jackson set aside land west of the Mississippi and persuaded Native Americans in the east to move there Few Indians wanted to move (ex. Cherokee nation)

Georgia appealed to the Supreme Court to help Cherokee nation Chief Justice John Marshall and Supreme Court ruled in favor of Cherokees In this case, Jackson supported states’ rights saying Georgia could force Indians to move and the federal government could not interfere

I, John Marshall, and the Supreme Court believe that the federal government cannot force the Cherokee Indians to move HELP!

Remember when both I and Daniel Webster disagreed with John Calhoun Remember when both I and Daniel Webster disagreed with John Calhoun? Webster and I believed that the states did not have the right to declare a federal law illegal.

I changed my opinion. In this case, I am voting for states’ rights I changed my opinion. In this case, I am voting for states’ rights. Georgia does not have to listen to the Supreme Court decision that says the Cherokees do not have to move.

Indian Removal Act (1830) Native Americans forced to sign treaties agreeing to move west Cherokees forced to leave at gunpoint

Trail of Tears Name given to the Cherokees long, sorrowful journey west Thousands perished

Seminole War Led by Chief Osceola (ahs ee OH luh) the Seminoles resisted removal After several years of fighting, the Seminoles lost

Martin Van Buren followed Jackson as President Martin Van Buren followed Jackson as President. After the Panic of 1837, the nation slipped into an economic depression. Van Buren lost support as the depression dragged on. In the election of 1840, Van Buren was defeated by William Henry Harrison, a popular war hero.

Martin Van Buren, William Henry Harrison, John Tyler, and James Polk would succeed Andrew Jackson and oversee an expanding nation which would see reform in schools, art and many other facets of life. During their presidencies, the divide between North and South would grow and the issue of slavery would move to the foreground of American politics.