November 4- NATIONALISM VS. SECTIONALISM Marshall court recap How did Supreme Court under John Marshall (1801-1835) strengthen the federal government? Monroe Years: Nationalism….. Monroe Doctrine Clay’s American Plan Sectionalism Cartoon assignment….

2 ways federal government strengthened by the “Marshall Court” Commerce clause- only national government can regulate interstate trade Elastic clause/ loose construction (national bank okay) Judicial review- over states States can’t tax federal government

The significance of the Supreme Court case Marbury v The significance of the Supreme Court case Marbury v. Madison is that the decision advanced civil rights for minorities upheld the constitutionality of a national bank limited Presidential control of foreign policy established the power of judicial review

What was the result of many of the Supreme Court decisions made under Chief Justice John Marshall between 1801 and 1835? The system of slavery was weakened. The federal government was strengthened. The rights of workers were supported. Antitrust laws were upheld.

Which headline illustrates the use of judicial review? “Congress Passes a Civil Rights Bill” “Conference Committee Meets to Finalize Budget” “New York State’s Reapportionment Plan Ruled Unconstitutional” “President Signs SALT Agreement with Russia”

James Monroe 5th president; 1817- 1825 “Era of Good Feelings”- Federalists fade away; one Party- Democrat Republicans NATIONALISM: identification with and loyalty to the nation National interests are more important than regional interests Power and influence should be with the national government SECTIONALISM: identification with and loyalty to the section, or region of the country (North, South, West) Regional interests are more important than national interests Power and influence should be with the state governments

Latin American Independence, early 1800s:

Presidential Nationalism Abroad JQ Adams- “Monroe Doctrine” (’23) US will not permit any further colonization in the Western Hemisphere Any attempt to colonize will be viewed as an aggressive act towards US Q2: US will stay out of European affairs British navy supports John Quincy Adams- Monroe’s Sec. of State

This cartoon was published in 1914, when World War I was breaking out in Europe.    Is he supporting or criticizing the Monroe Doctrine? In a simple sentence, state the point the cartoonist is making. Compare the Monroe Doctrine to George Washington’s policy of neutrality from his Farewell Address How is it similar: How is it different:

Nationalism in Domestic Policy: Henry Clay’s AMERICAN SYSTEM a high TARIFF (tax on imports) to raise revenue and protect American industry raise revenue ($$) to build roads, bridges, canals (“INTERNAL IMPROVEMENTS) protect American industry (increase the price of foreign competitors) 2. High PUBLIC LAND PRICES to generate revenue for roads, bridges, canals, etc. (“INTERNAL IMPROVEMENTS) Keeping the NATIONAL BANK to stabilize currency Development of a system of “INTERNAL IMPROVEMENTS (such as roads and canals) which would knit the nation together and be financed by the tariff and land sales revenues.

Linking the nation together Clay’s vision for an “American System”

ECONOMIC ROOTS OF SECTIONALISM: SOUTHERN ECONOMY: AGRICULTURE (COTTON), SLAVERY WESTERN ECONOMY: SMALL FARMS NORTHERN ECONOMY CITIES, TRADE, AND THE BEGINNINGS OF INDUSTRY

LOOK OVER THE CARTOON. IDENTIFY THE ISSUES THAT THE DIFFERENT “PEOPLE” WOULD AGREE ON. WESTERN FARMER AND SOUTHERN PLANTER:   WESTERN FARMER AND NORTHERN INDUSTRIALIST: SOUTHERN PLANTER AND NORTHERN INDUSTRIALIST: