Nationalism & Sectionalism

Goodbye Madison, Hello Monroe 1816 James Monroe wins the election Last Revolutionary War officer to serve as pres Helped create a new sense of national unity Era of Good Feelings – 1817-1825

Following the War of 1812 Patriotic pride united the states, but tension between the North & South emerged. The tension led to the Civil War, and regional differences can still be found in the United States today. Let’s look at how nationalism affected U.S. economic growth and foreign policy. Americans were beginning to be torn between the interests of their own regions and those of the country as a whole.

Nationalism Unites the Country In 1815 President Madison presented a plan to Congress for making the United States economically self-sufficient. What does it mean to be self-sufficient? Henry Clay promoted this plan as the American System

American System Established a protective tariff Tax on imported goods that protects a nation’s businesses from foreign competition Following the war of 1812, a flood of British goods begin to pour back into the U.S. 1816 – made European goods more expensive and encouraged Americans to buy cheaper American-made products

American System Established a national bank Promote a single currency 1816 – Congress set up the second Bank of the United States Improve the country’s transportation systems Poor roads made transportation slow and costly

Sectional Leaders Emerge John C. Calhoun member of Congress that represented the South supported the War of 1812 supported slavery opposed a strong federal govt Daniel Webster member of Congress from New Hampshire that represented the North opposed the War of 1812 wanted the federal govt. to take a larger role in the economy thought slavery was evil Henry Clay member of Congress that represented the West supported the War of 1812 wanted federal govt. to take a larger role in the economy.

McCulloch v. Maryland Supreme Court ruled that the states had no right to interfere with federal institutions within their borders. Ruling strengthened the federal govt. and helped the U.S. economy to expand

Gibbons v. Ogden 1824 – Supreme Court upheld the power of the federal govt. to regulate commerce. State could regulate trade within its borders only. Only the federal govt. could regulate interstate commerce.

Adams – Onis Treaty 1818 Jackson heads to Florida with a force of more than 3,000 soldiers Spain was busy in Latin America; agrees to peace Sect. of State John Q. Adams negotiates peace treaty with Spain Spain agrees to give Florida to the U.S. in exchange for $5 million Takes effect in 1821

Monroe Doctrine Bold foreign policy statement Declared U.S. would not interfere in the affairs of European nations or existing colonies of European nations Warned European nations not to attempt to regain control of newly independent nations of Latin America U.S. was determined to keep European powers out of Western Hemisphere