Brain Organization

Spinal Cord Anatomy Dorsal Ventral Dorsal Horn: Sensory information in Ventral Horn: Motor information out

Brainstem Brainstem: arousal center (ARAS) sensory in pathway motor out pathway Midbrain Superior Colliculus Inferior Colliculus Pons REM sleep Medulla breathing center cardiac center

Ascending Reticular Activating System (ARAS) Arousal Center

Cranial Nerves I. Olfactory II. Optic III. Oculomotor IV. Trochlear smell II. Optic vision III. Oculomotor eye movement IV. Trochlear V. Trigeminal face movement mastication VI. Abducens VII. Facial face/tongue movement VIII. Vestibulocochlear hearing/balance IX. Glossopharyngeal taste/swallowing X. Vagus parasympathetic NS XI. Accessory neck movement XII. Hypoglossal tongue movement swallowing Cranial Nerves

Cerebellum Motor Coordination Fine tuning of: sensory systems emotions learning and memory Autism decreased cerebellum size

Thalamus and Hypothalamus relay station Hypothalamus regulation center

Nucleus Reticularis Thalami NRT: GABA cells Gatekeeper

Hypothalamic Nuclei hunger/thirst blood pressure/heart rate blood pressure/shivering stress satiety sex memory reproduction thermoregulation reproduction circadian rhythms

Limbic System Emotion Rewards Memory smell aggression fear learning recognition memory smell recognition? memory

Basal Ganglia Movement Parkinson’s Disease cell death in substantia nigra

Cortical Lobes Frontal: Strategy and Planning Motor area Parietal: Somatosensory area Temporal: Audition, Language Occipital: Vision