The Age of Exploration

Introduction Questions What things make people curious? What do most people desire? How do you think the Renaissance led to the Age of Exploration (when explorers like Columbus began to discover the world)

China Explores First Zheng He (1371-1433)-Chinese admiral who was sent to explore during the Ming Dynasty. Seven voyages (very long journeys) 1405-1433. Huge ships Several men accompanied him Explored Southeast Asia and Eastern Africa to spread China’s culture.

For “God, Glory, and Gold” (3 G’s) European nations and kings wanted wealth and power Needed new sources of wealth through trade routes directly to Asia The spread of Christianity New sailing technology made exploration possible The Caravel (Ship) The Lateen Sail (Triangular) Astrolabe (figures latitude/longitude) Compass Improved Cartography (maps)

Europeans Compete Vasco da Gama (Portugal)-the first European to sail around the tip of Africa to Asia Christopher Columbus (Spain)-1492 sailed west landing in the Caribbean. Started establishing colonies, or lands controlled by another nation. Later, more Europeans explored the New World

Portugal Leads the Way In Europe Prince Henry the Navigator (1394-1460)-established a sailing school Portuguese sailors explored the coast of West Africa for gold and ivory. Vasco da Gama-From 1497-1498 he sailed around the tip of Africa to India (27,000 miles) Gave Europeans a direct route to Asia

Portugal and Spain Compete Christopher Columbus-1492 sailed west landing in the Caribbean. Portugal and Spain quickly created colonies in the “New World.” New World-North and South America Spain-Most of Central America, Caribbean, Florida, and South America Portugal-Mainly Brazil Treaty of Tordesillas (1494)-line that divided Spain and Portugal’s claims.

Geography-4/14 What were the 3 main reasons Europeans were exploring the New World? Where did Columbus actually land? Where did he think he was? What did the Treaty of Tordesillas do? What was the only colony in South America that was not Spanish?

Native Americans Native Americans began to decline once Europeans arrived Spanish and Portuguese took gold and silver Originally used the Natives as slaves Thousands died from warfare and/or diseases Some Natives were mixed into the European culture (Mestizo)

The Atlantic Slave Trade Europeans began transporting slaves from West Africa to Latin America. Thousands of African slaves were used to work on sugar, tobacco, and cotton plantations Good were traded to and from Europe, Africa, and the New World (Triangular Trade) Slaves brought their African culture with them to the Islands and other parts of Latin America Some Africans mixed with Europeans (Mulatto)

Latin America Independence Movements Caribbean Haiti (1791-1804) 1st Slave uprising Led by Toussaint L’ Ouverture Central America Mexico (1810-1821) Led by 2 priests Miguel Hidalgo Jose Maria Morelos South America Colombia, Venezuela, Peru, Argentina, Chile, Ecuador (1810-1824) Led by 2 Creole generals Simon Bolivar (Venezuela) Jose de San Martin (Argentina) Brazil (1822) Bloodless Revolution Dom Pedro

From Independence to Modern-Day Issues Independence brought many issues politically and economically Political corruption Fidel Castro (Cuba) Hugo Chavez (Venezuela) Extreme poverty High crime rate Drug trafficking Mexico (El Chapo) Colombia (Pablo Escobar) Cartels-organization that works to control drug trade in an area

Geography-4/15 What is the main religion in Latin America? Why? What is a Mestizo? What is a Mulatto? What do you notice about the people on the Brazilian and Honduras soccer team?

France European nations such as France began to compete in North America. Jacques Cartier (1534)- Reached eastern coast of Canada Sailed down river he named the St. Lawrence Named Montreal Samuel de Champlain (1608)- Sailed up the St. Lawrence Founded Quebec, the capital of New France Jacques Marquette (1673)-explored Great Lakes area Sieur de La Salle (1683)-Louisiana

England (A.K.A The British) As the French looked to trade, the English looked to settle land. John Smith (1607)-settled Jamestown, Virginia (1st English Settlement in N.A) James Cook (1769-70)-explored & claimed Australia and New Zealand.

Netherlands (The Dutch) Henry Hudson (1609)-explored the area around the Hudson River in New York and the Hudson Bay. The Dutch established a fur trade with the Iroquois Indians around New York Dutch claims in North America were called New Netherland. Later, the English forced the Dutch to surrender New Netherland, renaming it New York.

The Atlantic Slave Trade As the Americas and Caribbean were being settled, slave labor was needed. Cash Crops-sugar, cotton, and tobacco Huge plantations were created Slaves from Africa were cheap labor. Millions of slaves were traded and transported to the New World Triangular Trade-trade network between West Indies/Americas, Europe, and Africa The Middle Passage-journey on ships from Africa to West Indies for slaves

The Columbian Exchange Global transfer of foods, plants, and animals to and from the New World. As trade increased and merchants got rich, capitalism developed Joint-Stock Companies-allowed Europeans to invest in colonization Mercantilism-economic theory of Europeans that power came with wealth. Get Gold and Silver Sell more than buy (Favorable Balance of Trade) Use Colonies

Name this Explorer

Name this Explorer

Name this Explorer

Name this Explorer

Geography-4/13 How did Native Americans get to Latin America and where did they come from? The pictures to the right are called the Nazca Lines in southern Peru. Why would this group of Native Americans create these? If Native Americans like the Mayans, Aztecs, and Incas (and others before them) ruled Latin America for thousands of years, then why are there only a few left?

Geography-4/14 What issues did independence bring to many countries in Latin America? How is it that there are Mulattoes in Latin America? What is the most popular sport in Latin America? What is the main religion in Latin America? What is the only country that does not speak Spanish in South America?