MANAGING AND THE HUMAN FACTOR

MANAGEMENT AND LEADERSHIP THOUGHT OF AS THE SAME THING. AN EFFECTIVE MANAGER IS AN EFFECTIVE LEADER LEADERSHIP IS ALSO FOLLOWERSHIP CREATIVITY PLAYS AN IMPORTANT ROLE IN MANAGING PEOPLE.

LEADERSHIP .. IS DEFINED AS THE PROCESS OF INFLUENCING PEOPLE SO THAT THEY WILL STRIVE WILLINGLY AND ENTHUSIASTICALLY TOWARDS THE ACHIEVEMENT OF ORGANISATIONAL GOALS.

THE HUMAN FACTOR IN ENTERPRISES: PEOPLE ASSUME DIFFERENT ROLES THERE IS NO AVERAGE PERSON PERSONAL DIGNITY IS IMPORTANT THE WHOLE PERSON MUST BE CONSIDERED.

MODELS OF PEOPLE RATIONAL / EMOTIONAL ECONOMIC / SELF-ACTUALIZING BEHAVIOURISTIC / PHENOMENOLOGICAL McGREGOR’S THEORY X AND THEORY Y

THEORY X AVERAGE HUMAN BEINGS HAVE AN INHERENT DISLIKE OF WORK AND WILL AVOID IT IF THEY CAN BECAUSE OF THIS, MOST PEOPLE MUST BE COERCED, CONTROLLED, DIRECTED AND THREATENED WITH PUNISHMENT TO GET THEM TO PUT FORWARD ADEQUATE EFFORT AVERAGE HUMAN BEINGS PREFER TO BE DIRECTED, WISH TO AVOID RESPONSIBILITY AND WANT SECURITY ABOVE ALL.

THEORY Y THE EXPENDITURE OF PHYSICAL WORK IS AS NATURAL AS PLAY OR REST PEOPLE EXERCISE DIRECTION AND SELF CONTROL IN THE SERVICE OF OBJECTIVES THE DEGREE OF COMMITMENT IS PROPORTIONAL TO THE SIZE OF REWARDS ASSOCIATED WITH ACHIEVEMENT THEY SEEK RESPONSIBILITY THEY EXERCISE A RELATIVELY HIGH DEGREE OF IMAGINATION, INGENUITY AND CREATIVITY IN SOLVING PROBLEMS

MANAGERIAL IMPLICATIONS: ARE IN :- 1. SETTING OBJECTIVES AND DEVELOPING PLANS TO ACHIEVE THEM 2. IMPLEMENTING PLANS THROUGH LEADERSHIP 3. CONTROLLING AND APPRAISING PERFORMANCE AGAINST PREVIOUSLY SET STANDARDS

OTHER BEHAVIOURAL MODELS: THE AUTOCRATIC MODEL THE CUSTODIAL MODEL THE SUPPORTIVE MODEL THE COLLEGIAL MODEL

DIRECTION… Direction consists of the process and techniques utilised in issuing instruction and making certain that operations are carries out as planned.

IMPORTANCE OF DIRECTION.. Direction initiates action Direction integrates employee efforts Direction attempts in getting maximum out of individuals Direction facilitates change in the organisation

PRINCIPLES…. Principle of harmony of objectives Principle of unity of command

CREATIVITY AND INNOVATION CREATIVITY REFERS TO THE ABILITY AND POWER TO DEVELOP NEW IDEAS INNOVATION USUALLY MEANS USE OF THESE IDEAS

WHY CREATIVITY? FREE COMPETITION REQUIRES A CONTINUOUS DEVELOPMENT OF IDEAS, PRODUCTS.. NEW APPROACHES TO PROBLEMS / PRODUCTS

THE CREATIVE PROCESS UNCONCIOUS SCANNING INTUITION INSIGHT LOGICAL FORMULATION

TECHNIQUES TO ENHANCE CREATIVITY BRAINSTORMING SYNECTICS

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HARMONY OF OBJECTIVES The more managers can harmonize the personal goals of individuals with the goals of the enterprise, the more effective and efficient the enterprise will be. back