Psychodynamic Approaches Cont.

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Presentation transcript:

Psychodynamic Approaches Cont. Psychology

Anxiety How to deal with anxiety? Brainstorm with your partner... danger signal to the ego can occur as neurotic anxiety (irrational impulses from the id) How to deal with anxiety? Brainstorm with your partner...

Defense Mechanisms Anxiety is UNPLEASANT, so we develop defense mechanisms. *Defense Mechanisms*: Unconscious strategies that people use to reduce anxiety by concealing its source from themselves or others.

Repression *Repression: The primary defense mechanism in which unacceptable or unpleasant id impulses are pushed back into the unconscious. Most direct method Repressed memories may affect later behavior, be revealed through dreams

Defense Mechanisms Regression: People behave as if they were at an earlier stage of development. Ex: Boss has a temper tantrum when employee makes mistake. Displacement: Expression of an unwanted feeling or thought is redirected from a more threatening powerful person to a weaker person. Ex: Brother yells at younger sister after a teacher gives him a bad grade.

Defense Mechanisms Rationalization: People provide self-justifying explanations in place of the actual, but threatening, reason for their behavior. Ex: A college student who goes out drinking the night before a big test rationalizes his behavior by saying the test isn’t important. Denial: People refuse to accept or acknowledge an anxiety-producing piece of information. Ex: A student refuses to believe that he has failed a class.

Defense Mechanisms Projection: People attribute unwanted impulses and feelings to someone else. Ex: A man who is unfaithful to his wife feels guilty and suspects that his wife is unfaithful. Sublimation: People divert unwanted impulses into socially approved thoughts, feelings, or behaviors. Ex: A person with strong feelings of aggression becomes a soldier.

Defense Mechanisms Reaction formation: Unconscious impulses are expressed as their opposite in consciousness. Ex: A mother who unconsciously resents her child acts in an overly loving way toward the child.

Use of defense mechanisms According to Freud.... We ALL use defense mechanisms to some degree Some people use them so much that everyday living becomes difficult and it results in a mental disorder.

Evaluating Freud Many people accept these ideas: the unconscious defense mechanisms childhood roots of adult psychological difficulties Criticisms against psychoanalytic theory: Lack of scientific data Lack of evidence Now we know that changes in personality can occur in adolescence/adulthood Freud seemed to view women as inferior to men Freud observed a limited population