Biology Notes Scientific Methods Part 1 Pages 3-11

1. What makes something alive? Standard 1.1 ___ Identify what is science, what clearly is not science, and what superficially resembles science Essential Questions 1. What makes something alive?

I. What is Biology? life Biology = the study of _____ For an organism to be considered _________, it must possess certain _________________ alive characteristics

A. Characteristics of Living Things cells 1. All living things are made up of _______ Foot fungus cells Red blood cells Plant Cells

Cell = a collection of living ________ enclosed by a barrier that separates the cell from its ____________ A cell is the smallest unit of _________ considered to be _____ Creatures with only one cell are called ____________ while creatures with more than one cell are called ____________ matter environment matter alive unicellular multi-cellular

Unicellular or Multi-Cellular???? unicellular plankton multi-cellular flower unicellular gut bacteria multi-cellular bird

2. All living things _____________ Sexual Reproduction = creating a new __________ from cells of ___ different ________ e.g. reproduce organism 2 parents humans, fish, plants, lions, etc.

Asexual Reproduction = creating a new __________ from only ____ parent e.g. organism one Hydra (budding); most unicellular organisms

3. All living things are based on a _________ code (____) Organisms created by __________reproduction are identical to the single parent. They have the same _______ or genetic code. Organisms created by _______reproduction are similar to ______ parents because the offspring have DNA from each parent. genetic DNA asexual DNA sexual both

grow 4. All living things ______ and ________ Unicellular organisms typically only ______ in size whereas multi-cellular organisms grow and _________ Differentiation = the process of development where a single cell will ____________ and the groups of cell will take on different _______ in the body e.g. develop grow develop multiply jobs Nerve cells, brain cells, etc.

Q. Do unicellular organisms grow and develop? Unicellular organisms only grow Q. Do multi-cellular organisms grow and develop? A. Multi-cellular organisms both grow and develop.

5. All living things need sources of _______ Energy is needed to complete many of life’s __________ e.g. What is the ultimate source of energy for life on Earth? ____________ energy functions Cellular respiration (all organisms) / Photosynthesis (plants) the sun

Metabolism = the series of __________ to build or break materials in order to obtain ___________ necessary for life ___________ e.g. reactions energy functions Eat food → broken down for energy (humans, animals, etc.)

6. All living things __________ to their environment Stimulus = any signal to which an organism can respond Stimuli can either external or __________ e.g. respond internal sun to plants → grow (external) / low blood sugar → hunger → eat (internal)

body temperature / heart rate / 7. All living things maintain _______________ Homeostasis = the ability of an organism to keep a ________ internal environment e.g. homeostasis stable body temperature / heart rate / sugar level

8. As a group, living things __________ Evolution = the change of an organism over _____ in order to adapt to a ___________ environment and _________ e.g. change time changing survive giraffe necks

B. Hierarchy of Biology Biologists can group systems and organisms to study or ____________ progressively from the simple to the most ________ investigate complex

2. Atom = the basic unit of _______ e.g. 1. Subatomic Particles = _________, neutrons, and electrons that make up atoms 2. Atom = the basic unit of _______ e.g. 3. Molecule = a group of atoms that is the smallest unit of chemical ___________ 4. Organelle = groups of molecules that perform the same tasks make up the different parts of a ____ protons matter oxygen atom, hydrogen atom compounds water, DNA, proteins, salt cell nucleus, cell membrane, mitochondria

smooth tissue, connective tissue 4. Cell = smallest living piece of __________ e.g. 5. Tissues = groups of similar cells that perform the same ___________ 6. Organ = groups of _________ that perform similar functions matter nerve cell, liver cell function smooth tissue, connective tissue tissues brain, heart

digestive, circulatory 7. Organ System = groups of ________ that perform similar functions e.g. 8. Organism = an individual living ______ that has multiple and interacting organ systems 9. Population = groups of __________ that live in the same ______ organs digestive, circulatory being plant, person, worm organisms area students at Sandalwood / herd of cows / flock of sheep

10. Community = different ___________ that live in a defined area i.e. 11. Ecosystem (Biome) = the community plus all the ___________ parts (climate) 12. Biosphere = all ecosystems on _________ populations Jax. Beach = surfers, turtles, fish, seaweed, etc. non-living tundra, rainforest, savanna Earth