Chapter 3: Plant Growth and Reproduction 5th grade Science Teacher Imarlys Cajigas http://www.softschools.com/science/plants/flower_anatomy.jsp Big Idea: Plants have a variety of structures to help them carry out life processes.

Lesson 1: How do Plants Grow? Vascular tissue- Tissue that supports plants and carries water and food. Xylem- vascular tissue that carries water and nutrients from roots to every part of a plant. Phloem- Vascular tissue that carries food from leaves to all plant cells. Photosynthesis- The process in which plants make food by using water from the soil, carbon dioxide from the air, and energy from sunlight.

Non Vascular and Vascular Plants Do not have true roots but are anchored to the soil with root-like structures. Have leaf-like structures but do not have veins to transport materials. Absorb water and food from their surroundings directly into the cells of the plant.

Vascular Have true roots that anchor the plant and absorb water and nutrients from the soil. Have true leaves in which the food making process of photosynthesis takes place. Have stems in which xylem and phloem transport food and nutrients to the roots and leaves of the plant.

Plant Characteristics They make their own food Chloroplasts contain chlorophyll Chlorophyll absorbs energy from the sun Plants use the energy to make food - glucose (sugar) Process is called Photosynthesis

Leaves Get the carbon dioxide from the air. The outer layer protects the leaf from damage. The coating helps to keep the moisture inside the leaf. Some water escape through tiny holes called stomata. Stomata open and close letting carbon dioxide in and oxygen out. Stomata can also close when water is in short supply.

Chloroplasts:

Plant Characteristics Plants Have a Cuticle (epidermis)

What is an epidermis? A waxy layer that coats the surface of stems, leaves, and other plant parts exposed to the air. Keeps plants from drying out.

Roots Roots absorb water and nutrients from the soil. A tap root is one large, strong root that pushes deep into the soil. It anchors the plant firmly. Some taproots store much food that people use them for food such as carrots and beets. Other plants have fibrous roots that are thin and branching. They spread out to absorb water.

Stems Act as pipelines for transporting water and nutrients between roots and leaves. Provide support and hold the leaves up to the sunlight. Tall plants have woody cells that make their stems stronger. Plants without woody stems, water pressure holds them upright.

Photosynthesis Process by which plants and other autotrophs make their food. Requires sunlight, water, and carbon dioxide. Overall equation: 6 CO2 + 6 H20  C6H12O6 + 6 O2 Occurs in the leaves of plants in organelles called chloroplasts.

Things needed for photosynthesis SUNLIGHT Gives the plant energy CHLOROPHYLL The green stuff where the chemical reactions happen WATER Travels up from the roots CARBON DIOXIDE Enters the leaf through small holes on the underneath 18/09/2018

Using water Produce glucose Enable transport of minerals Form fruits Plants need water to do the following: Produce glucose Enable transport of minerals Form fruits Enable growth Keep the leaves cool 18/09/2018

Lesson Review Describe two kinds of vascular tissue. Why is it hard to pull all of a plant out of the ground? Which part of the plant lets oxygen exit the leaf? What is the role of the chloroplasts in making food for a plant? What functions do roots perform?

Lesson Review What type of a root system would you expect many desert plants to have? What is the difference between the taproot system and the fibrous root system? How do vascular plants differ from non vascular plants?

Classwork: Workbook p. 17-18