Bell-Ringer Draw the flower & label its parts.

The Plant Kingdom

Kingdom Plantae Cell type: Cellular organization: Mode of nutrition: Special structures: Cellular/Tissue/Organs: Reproduction: Eukaryotic Multicellular All autotrophic – photosynthesis using pigments chlorophyll a & b Cell walls of cellulose Chloroplasts Asexually & sexually (Alternation of generations)

Alternation of Generations

A plant needs… Sunlight Water Nutrients like Nitrogen & Phosphorus Carbon dioxide Oxygen A way to transport materials

Differentiate between vascular and nonvascular plants Define vascular tissue.

Relate the structure of plant tissue to its function: epidermal, ground, & vascular

Vascular tissue -specialized tissue for transporting water and nutrients through the plant Made up of two cell types: Xylem – transports water upward from the ground to the rest of the plant Phloem –transports the food produced by photosynthesis to the rest of the plant Enables the construction of: Roots Stems Leaves

Ground tissue –everything between the epidermal and vascular tissue Epidermal tissue –the “skin” of the plant; the outermost layer of cells Cuticle – thick waxy layer that protects against injury and water loss Under leaves, stomata and guard cells In roots, root hair cells Sometimes trichomes –fuzzy projections Ground tissue –everything between the epidermal and vascular tissue Parenchyma – pg 582 Collenchyma – pg 582 Sclerenchyma – pg 582

Describe the structure and function of the major parts of a plant: roots, stems, leaves, & flowers

Major structures: Roots –anchor the plant and absorb water & nutrients Stems –support system for plant body with transport ability & sometimes a defense to protect the plant Leaves –plant’s photosynthetic systems; make food for the plant

Nonvascular plants = Bryophytes Depend on water for reproduction Low-growing plants (why?) in moist, shaded areas Rhizoids (similar to roots) Alt. of Gen. (pg 558) Examples: Mosses, liverworts, & hornworts

Seedless vascular plants Have roots, stems, and leaves No seeds (reproduce through alt. of gen. through spores) Examples: Horsetails, club mosses, ferns

Seed vascular plants: Differentiate among gymnosperms and angiosperms

Gymnosperm “Naked seed” Bear seeds directly on surfaces of cones; no protective covering Examples: Gnetophytes, Cycads, Ginkgoes, Conifers

Angiosperm “Covered seed” Developed unique reproductive organs called flowers After pollination, forms a fruit – wall of protective tissue around a seed

Evaluate the medical and economic importance of plants!

1. Name three needs of plants.

2. Describe two functions of a plant’s roots.

3. Stems are made up of what two things that make up vascular tissue?

4. Leaves perform what essential process?

5. Give an example of a bryophyte.

6. Give an example of a gymnosperm.

7. Give an example of an angiosperm.

8. What is the main difference between gymnosperms & angiosperms?

9. Give an example of how plants contribute to the economy.

10. List the 8 levels of classification in taxonomy.