Plant Cells, Tissue, and Organs

Plant Cells Unique Organelles: Cell Wall Large Water Vacuole Chloroplast -contain thylakoids (discs) in stacks known as grana

Dermal Tissue Features: Epidermis single layer of closely packed cells covers and protects the plant covered with waxy layer called a cuticle

Dermal Tissue Openings in epidermis known as stoma (pl. stomata) Guard cells surrounding Stomata Some tissue could have hair like structures

Dermal Tissue Function : protects the plant from pathogens like viruses and bacteria prevents excessive water loss Provides an exchange of gases and material between inside and outside of plant provides insulation for the plant

Vascular Tissue Features: Made up of xylem and phloem At times found in Vascular Bundles

Vascular Tissue Function: Plants transportation tissue. -Phloem transports sugar made during photosynthesis -Xylem transports water and minerals

Ground Tissue Features: -can undergo photosynthesis (have chloroplast) -have empty space between them -have a large vacuole -usually found close to dermal tissue

Ground Tissue -thick cell walls -some cells are dead -support cells

Ground Tissue Function: leaves: where photosynthesis occurs stem: provides strength and support roots: store food and water

Meristemic Tissue: Undifferentiated Cells Features: -unspecialized tissue (stem cells) - cells undergoing mitosis -found at root and stem ends

Meristemic Tissue: Undifferentiated Cells Responsible for growing new parts of plant

Organs An organ consists of different types of tissues that work together to perform one or more biological functions. Plants have organs too!…kind of. Plant “organs” will contain the different types of tissue but in different proportions.

Roots Tissue: -Mostly ground tissue with a centre of vascular tissue

Roots Function: - anchors the plant - absorbs water & minerals from the soil - stores food

Leaf

Leaf Tissue: -ground tissue is in the mesophyll (area between the epidermis where photosynthesis occurs) -vascular tissue is in vein (contain vascular bundles) in mesophyll -guard cells allow gases to move in/out

Leaf Function: - mostly the organ in charge of photosynthesis (to produce glucose) - organ where most gas exchange occurs (needs to take in CO2 or release O2 and water vapour)

Stem

Stem Xylem vessels and phloem vessles help transport materials…

Stem Tissue: - mostly ground (pith and cortex) and vascular tissue (pipes) Function: -supports plant - Transportation of sap

Flower Reproductive organ of plant Ovary produces ovule (similar to egg cell) Anther produces pollen (similar to sperm cell)

Flower Stigma catches pollen from other flower (cross-pollination) or its own flower (self-pollination) and carries it down style to fertilize ovule This is how a seed is produced -sometimes the flower produces fruit to house the seeds!

Flower Pollination Occurs because of wind or animals (birds/bees) Animals visit other plants and transfer pollen