Annotate For… Analysis: Characterization, Setting, Patterns, Situational Details, Foreshadowing, Humor’s impact, Possible themes, Symbolism, Plot twists/mood, Character Description Style: Speech, Repetition, Figurative Language, Style, Description, Symbolism, Unknown words/Vocabulary, Diction Perspective: Irony, Ambiguity, Characterization, Speech or Dialogue Structure: Timing, Plot twists/Mood, Possible themes, Foreshadowing, Repetition, Ambiguity Questions: Thought provoking information, irony, Unknown words/Vocabulary, Ambiguity Reading literary

Reading Question Forms: Multiple Choice Questions 1. Details might include characteristics of a person, place, or thing, or a particular date, others may ask you about subtly stated or minor details you have to look deeper for 2. Main Ideas determine the focus of a passage or a paragraph, or paragraphs in a passage. 5. Generalizations take a lot of information and boil it down to a concise form. May involve interpreting mood, tone, or character, make a general observation or draw a conclusion. 3. Comparative Relationships ask you to make comparisons and contrasts in passages that contain multiple points of view. 4. Cause and Effect Relationships may ask you about the influence of different characters actions to evaluate or explain a process, information may be provided in the passage or have to be put together with the given details. 6. Author’s Voice and Structure voice relates to author’s style, attitude, and point of view. Structure focuses on craft of writing, and main purpose of writing. 8. Sequence of Events determine order of information or when things occur in a passage. 7. Meaning of Words determine from content what a particular word, phrase, or statement means from how it is used or what information surrounds it.

Visualization- Using pictures and images to help understand what you read. Prediction- Making and educated guess based on information you have read about what will happen next in your reading. Questioning- Asking questions about what you read to help gain more knowledge and have a better understanding. Summarizing- Retelling or restating what you have read to help understand your reading. Connections- Using real life situations to relate to ideas or situations that come up in your reading. Reading Strategies

Questions to Use to Help Interpret a Reading Passage What is the topic or subject of the text? What is the main idea? What are key details? What is the basic structure? What is explicitly known and what can be implicitly understood from the text? Are there any examples of sensory or figurative (e.g. metaphor) language? Questions to Use to Help Interpret a Reading Passage

S.I.F.T. Literary Analysis Strategy Title:________________________________ Author:__________________ Symbols Examine the title and text for symbolism. Images Identify images and sensory details (sight, sound, taste, odor, texture). Figurative Language Identify and analyze non-standard use of language, including metaphor, simile, repetition, omission, unusual word order, slang, etc. Tone and Theme Discuss the tone taken by the author. What is the message or moral? Why did the author create this work?

Tone: The attitude of the speaker toward the subject. TWIST Your Response Textual Support Tone: The attitude of the speaker toward the subject. Word Choice: The specific words and their connotations, associations, or emotional impact. Imagery: The sense impressions (sound, smell, sight, taste, and touch) Style: The author’s use of language, including figurative language and poetic devices such as repetition, rhyme, and rhythm. Theme: The Author’s insight about life. Thesis Statement:

Title: What do the words of the title suggest to you Title: What do the words of the title suggest to you? What denotations are presented in the title? What connotations or associations do the words posses? Paraphrase: Translate the poem in your own words. What is the poem about? Attitude: What is the speaker’s attitude? How does the speaker feel about himself, about others, and about the subject? What is the author’s attitude? How does the author feel about the speaker, about other characters, about the subject, and the reader? Shifts: Where do the shifts in tone, setting, voice, etc. occur? Look for time and place, keywords, punctuation, stanza divisions, changes in length or rhyme, and sentence structure. What is the purpose of each shift? How do they contribute to effect and meaning? Connotation: What meaning does the poem have beyond the literal meaning? Think about the things below… Title: Reanalyze the title on an interpretive level. What part does the title play in the overall interpretation of the poem? Theme: List the subjects and the abstract ideas in the poem. Then determine the overall theme. What message is the author trying to convey? What lesson is being taught?

The DIDLS Strategy for Tonal Analysis DIDLS is a strategy for analyzing tone. It usually applies to a written or oral text. WHAT IS TONE? Tone is the speaker’s attitude. It is the emotion that the author uses to communicate about the subject. The tone shows meaning that goes beyond the words in the story.

D.U.C.A.T.S. The “6 gold pieces” of writer’s voice Diction refers to a writer’s (or speaker’s) word choice Unity refers to the idea that all of the ideas in a written piece are relevant and appropriate to the focus. Coherence refers to the organization and logic of a piece of writing; Audience refers to the writer’s awareness of who will be reading his or her piece of writing; Tone refers to a writer’s ability to create an attitude toward the subject matter of a piece of writing. What does that attitude suggest about the author? The subject? What effect is produced by the writing and how is that effect produced? Syntax refers to the arrangement--the ordering, grouping, and placement--of words within a phrase, clause, or sentence.

OPTIC – primary source visual analysis tool Overview What is happening in the picture? Summarize the “action” of the visual without analyzing its meaning yet. P Parts Break the picture down into sections. Describe the placement of objects on the canvas. Name everything that you see. Describe color, lighting, and movement in the picture. T Title/Theme/Tone What does the title tell you about the picture? How much does it add to what you understand or do not understand about the picture? Explain your answers. What themes does the picture reflect and in what ways? What is the author’s attitude toward the subject? Use your tone worksheet! I Interrelation Analyze the relationships in the picture. How do objects or people or colors relate to each other in the picture? What clues to the message or argument are these relationships giving you? What seems to be the most important “relationship” in the picture? C Conclusion Draw a conclusion to the meaning or message of the picture based on what you have viewed and discussed as a group. Essentially, what is the argument the artist is trying to convey?

SOLLIDD Analyzing rhetorical elements and author’s style The structure of sections within a passage and as a whole. Movement in the passage between tones, ideas, defining literary/rhetorical strategies Syntax Sentence structure Organization Literary Devices Metaphor, simile, personification, irony (situational, verbal and dramatic), hyperbole, allusion, alliteration, etc. Levels of Discourse Cultural levels of language act, with attendant traits (does the narrator’s voice represent a particular social, political, or cultural viewpoint or perspective?) Imagery Diction Deliberate vivid appeal to the audience’s understanding through the five senses (visual, auditory, tactile, olfactory, gustatory) Word choice and its denotative and connotative significance Detail Descriptive items selected for inclusion. Concrete aspects of the poem or passage. What is included; what is omitted