Common Themes Nativism Fundamentalism Modernism Advances in Science

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Presentation transcript:

“Roaring Twenties” (1920 - 1929)

Common Themes Nativism Fundamentalism Modernism Advances in Science Republican Resurgence

Nativism Sacco & Vanzetti Madison Grant’s The Passing of the Great Race (1916) Emergency Immigration Act (1924) Quota System Curb S. & E. European immigration

Sacco & Vanzetti

Nativism Ku Klux Klan Temperance Movement Prohibition WCTU Anti-Saloon League Prohibition

Klan in DC, 1925

Klan in Maine, 1926

Fundamentalism Restore Protestant values Anti-Catholic ; Anti-Semitic Reject Darwin’s theory of evolution Banned in several schools

The Scopes “Monkey” Trial John Scopes, HS biology teacher in TN Accused of teaching evolution Convicted, but charges dismissed

Prohibition Anti-Saloon League Moral Issue  Legal issue “Jubilee Convention” of 1913 Endorse national amendment outlawing alcohol

Reaction to Prohibition 18th Amendment Social Reactions: Speakeasies Cocktail Parties Organized Crime Al Capone “Bootlegging” St. Valentine’s Massacre

Reaction to Prohibition

Jazz Age Reject rural, middle-class values Jazz Music New Dances (Charleston) Silent Movies Talkies 1920: 23,000 movie theaters Openness about sex

Women’s Liberation Changes in Marriage “Flappers” Margaret Sanger & birth control The Woman Rebel American Birth Control League Eugenics League of Women Voters (1920)

“Flappers” & the “New Woman”

Women in the Workforce

The “New Negro” “Great Migration” NAACP ; Niagra Movement 1915-1920 ; est. 1 million to northern cities NAACP ; Niagra Movement “Negro Nationalism” Marcus Garvey

“Harlem Renaissance” Claude McKay, c. 1925 Langston Hughes, c. 1925

Modernist Science Albert Einstein Max Planck Werner Heisenberg Relativity Theory Max Planck Quantum Theory Werner Heisenberg Uncertainty Principle Human knowledge has limits!!!

Modernist Art Realism Cubism Abstract Art Pablo Picasso

Modernist Literature “The Lost Generation” T.S. Eliot Ernest Hemingway F. Scott Fitzgerald

Harding Administration Return to “Normalcy” The “Ohio Gang” Teapot Dome Scandal “Business-friendly”, lax regulation

Teapot Dome

Return to Laissez-faire? Budget & Accounting Act (1921) Fordney-McCumber Tariff (1922) Revenue Act (1926) Tax cuts to rich 65% to 20% max. rate B & A Act - Independent budget preparation (Chi. Bank) ; balanced budget & reduced debt F & C Tariff - on iron & chemical products ; reduce competition from Germany

Coolidge Sworn In Harding dies of food poisoning on W. coast speaking tour Coolidge, VP from VT, becomes President

1924 Election

“Silent Cal” “The chief business of the American people is business” “…a return to the Gilded Age presidency…” McNary-Haugen Bill (1927-8) Protective tariff for agri. Vetoed twice by Coolidge M-H Bill - protective tariffs for agriculture ; pump surplus into global market to increase domestic price

“Nation of Consumption” Automobiles Ford Model T Movies Charlie Chaplin “Talkies” Radio Airplanes Subsidies for research, airports, mail Airplanes - govt. contracts are air-mail carriers for postal service

US Consumerism