Enlightenment and Revolution in England and America

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Presentation transcript:

Enlightenment and Revolution in England and America Ch. 20 Enlightenment and Revolution in England and America

Key Vocabulary Commonwealth Constitution Charles I Petition of Right (Primary Source) Long Parliament Cavaliers Roundheads Oliver Cromwell New Model Army Rump Parliament Navigation Act of 1651

20.1 English Civil Wars Key Players: England, Ireland, and Scotland Desire for liberty and rights of the people Read pp. 478-482 Complete Ch. 20.1 Vocabulary Ch. 20.1 W.S. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-TIEURRuGmo

Absolute Tyrant Charles I imposed taxes on the people without Parliament’s consent Formal religious ceremonies of the Anglican Church Puritans sought to “purify” the Church Royal Courts: Lacked juries and punished critics of the Church

Scotland Presbyterians National Covenant: any change to the Scottish church would violate their religious/political freedom Charles sent troops to break up rebellion Called Parliament into session to seek funds to resist Scotland Long Parliament: inconsistently in session Passed law that required Parliament to meet at least 1 every 3 years

Ireland England had conquered parts of Ireland in the 1100s Native Irish Catholics worked as tenant farmers and laborers British treated them harshly Little rights or freedoms 1641: bloody civil war broke out Division in England over who should control the army: Charles or Parliament? Civil War begins in 1642

Petition of Right Objectives of the 1628 English legal reform movement that led to the Civil War/Deposition of King Charles I in 1649 List 5 basic rights we have in the U.S. Read the Document independently and circle any words you do not know or can’t pronounce On a separate sheet of paper, make a list of your unknown words and define them. Highlight the violations by the king of their liberties Lines 82-100: Highlight the 4 liberties the people demand No quartering of troops, taxation without Parliament approval, habeus corpus, martial law Compare your list of liberties to the Petition of Right Similarities and Differences

English Civil War Supporters of the King: Royalists or Cavaliers Rebels of the King: Puritans or Roundheads Oliver Cromwell: Puritan leader Defeats, with his New Model Army, Charles I Establishes the Rump Parliament: abolished the monarchy and House of Lords Commonwealth or republic was declared Charles I is beheaded in 1649

Constitution Cromwell wanted a representative government Constitution: document outlining basic laws and principles that govern a nation Instrument of Government of 1653: first written constitution of any major European nation Unrest was prevalent throughout England Without support of army/taxes Cromwell would have lost power Weak successor Richard I lost army’s support Charles II: return of monarchy (restoration)