Changes in State Vapor Pressure Changes in State Phase Diagrams observation definition temperature dependence Changes in State enthalpies heating curves Phase Diagrams special points examples
Vapor Pressure Dfns. Eq. Vapor Pressure Measuring Pvapor pres. of vapor present above a (l) or (s) DHvap energy to convert 1 mole liquid to gas at 1 atm Eq. Vapor Pressure rate of evaporation = rate of condensation Measuring Pvapor Hg column Pvapor = Patm – PHg column
Temperature Dependence
Temperature Dependence R = 8.3145 J/mol•K T = temperature (K) C = const. related to DS
Changes in State: Heating Curve
Changes in State: Heating Curve condensation evaporation
Changes in State: Heating Curve condensation evaporation freezing melting
Changes in State: Heating Curve condensation evaporation freezing enthalpy of vaporization melting
Changes in State: Heating Curve condensation enthalpy of fusion evaporation freezing enthalpy of vaporization melting
Phase Diagrams Represents the phases of a material at various T and P in a closed system Experiments 1: T at P = 1 atm Iodine 1 (0.118 atm) (546 C) http://cwx.prenhall.com/petrucci/medialib/ media_portfolio/text_images/FG13_18.JPG
Phase Diagrams Represents the phases of a material at various T and P in a closed system Experiments 1: T at P = 1 atm 2: T at P = 0.01 atm Iodine 1 (0.118 atm) 2 (546 C) http://cwx.prenhall.com/petrucci/medialib/ media_portfolio/text_images/FG13_18.JPG
Phase Diagrams Represents the phases of a material at various T and P in a closed system Experiments 1: T at P = 1 atm 2: T at P = 0.01 atm 3: T at P = 0.118 atm Iodine 1 3 (0.118 atm) 2 (546 C) http://cwx.prenhall.com/petrucci/medialib/ media_portfolio/text_images/FG13_18.JPG
Phase Diagrams Represents the phases of a material at various T and P in a closed system Experiments 1: T at P = 1 atm 2: T at P = 0.01 atm 3: T at P = 0.118 atm 4: T at P = 1 atm Iodine 4 1 3 (0.118 atm) 2 (546 C) http://cwx.prenhall.com/petrucci/medialib/ media_portfolio/text_images/FG13_18.JPG
Phase Diagrams Represents the phases of a material at various T and P in a closed system Experiments 1: T at P = 1 atm 2: T at P = 0.01 atm 3: T at P = 0.118 atm 4: T at P = 1 atm 5: P at T = 100. C Iodine 4 1 3 (0.118 atm) 2 5 (546 C) http://cwx.prenhall.com/petrucci/medialib/ media_portfolio/text_images/FG13_18.JPG
Phase Diagrams Represents the phases of a material at various T and P in a closed system Experiments 1: T at P = 1 atm 2: T at P = 0.01 atm 3: T at P = 0.118 atm 4: T at P = 1 atm 5: P at T = 100. C 6: P at T = 150. C Iodine 4 1 3 (0.118 atm) 2 5 6 (546 C) http://cwx.prenhall.com/petrucci/medialib/ media_portfolio/text_images/FG13_18.JPG
Phase Diagrams: Water
Phase Diagrams: Water