Rise of the Polis.

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Presentation transcript:

Rise of the Polis

Rise of the Polis (ca. 800 BCE) Polis (city state): town and countryside Chora, walls, agora, acropolis Small enough for people to see how the individual fit into the system Large enough to be self-sustaining and powerful (division of labor, etc.)

Government of Polis 1.) Monarchy (rule of one man) Represented people; ruled according to law; respected rights of citizens

Government of Polis 2.) Oligarchy (rule of the few) Aristocracy (power in the hands of the best) in charge or Small group of citizens (not necessarily aristocracy)

Government of Polis 3.) Tyranny (rule by a man who seized power by extralegal means) Ruled outside of law

Government of Polis 4.) Democracy (rule of the people) All citizen, regardless of birth or wealth, administered workings of the gov’t Citizen: male, lived in polis for long time

Polis Sometimes leagues formed (federalism) Very individual – wanted to be free and autonomous Weakness: constant warfare

Athens vs. Sparta

Sparta All had equal rights Helots (slaves) did work Men trained for military Suppressed individual Life dedicated to military

Sparta Family life second priority to polis Women were very free (healthy woman— healthy child) Good wives; strict mothers Owned property, ran estates

Athens Issues Aristocrats seized land of poorer Debt slavery Draco (621) – Code of laws Aristocrats still in charge Oppressive rule

Athens Solon – Extraordinary power 546 Tyrant Freed people enslaved over debt (made it illegal) Poor allowed into assembly 546 Tyrant Took power from aristocracy Building projects Growth of democratic ideas

Athens Cleisthenes (508 BCE) Deme – local unit of jurisdiction All full citizens sovereign Offices created and power delegated Judicial, legislative, executive Women had no rights