Fertilizer Decisions 2018 - Trial Nutrient Responses West Midlands Group 20 March 2018

Key messages Potassium is different Phosphorus is extremely important Responses to applied K unpredictable Adequate K increases the efficiency of in-season N & P applications Phosphorus is extremely important Set the foundation for achieving yield potential Consider crop nutrition after soil amelioration Feed the increased yield potential for quicker payback and better returns Relative value of phosphorus and nitrogen Inadequate P status decreases the efficiency of in-season N applications

P and K strategies, Badgingarra 2017 Potassium requirements for wheat after lupins Associated phosphorus responses

P and K strategies, Badgingarra 2017 WMG Main trial site – White’s Depth NO3- NH4+ OC P PBI K S pH(Ca) Al 0-10cm 25 4.5 1.55 15 11 62 10 5.18 0.55 10-20cm 7 3 0.93 4 4.23 1.3 20-30cm 2.5 1.5 0.3 18 14 4.31 0.85 Crop Variety Scepter Wheat Sowing Date 8th June Seeding Rate 65 kg/ha Soil Type Sand

P and K strategies, Badgingarra 2017 No. Treatment Banded (kg/ha) IBS Nutrients Applied (kg/ha) P K N 1 P0 K0 48 Urea   120 2 P8 K0 40 Urea, 35 MAP 8 3 P16 K0 31 Urea, 70 MAP 16 4 P24 K0 22 Urea, 105 MAP 24 5 P32 K0 13 Urea, 140 MAP 32 6 P0 K20 48 Urea, 40 MOP 20 7 P8 K20 40 Urea, 35 MAP, 40 MOP P16 K20 31 Urea, 70 MAP, 40 MOP 9 P24 K20 22 Urea, 105 MAP, 40 MOP 10 P32 K20 13 Urea, 140 MAP, 40 MOP 11 P0 K40 40 MOP 40 12 P8 K40 13 P16 K40 14 P24 K40 15 P32 K40 P0 K60 80 MOP 60 17 P8 K60 18 P16 K60 19 P24 K60 P32 K60 21 P0 K80 120 MOP 80 22 P8 K80 23 P16 K80 P24 K80 25 P32 K80 5 Phosphorus rates 0, 8, 16, 24 & 32 kg P/ha 5 Potassium rates 0, 20, 40, 60 & 80 kg K/ha

Results, Badgingarra 2017 No biomass or yield response to K 53% yield response from 0 to 32P Highest returns were generated from 32P and 20K

Yield responses, Badgingarra 2017

K and P strategies, Goomalling 2017 Potassium requirements for wheat after high canola yields Optimal strategy and form for applying potassium Associated phosphorus rates

K and P strategies, Goomalling 2017 Haywood’s, Donald Road Depth NO3- NH4+ OC P PBI K S pH(Ca) Al 0-10cm 9.3 1.5 0.79 18 19 25 16 5.53 0.1 10-20cm 3.6 1.1 0.54 28 34 41 12 4.65 0.7 20-30cm 2.5 <1 0.28 27 49 52 22 4.32 2.2 Crop Variety Calingiri Wheat Sowing Date 24th May Seeding Rate 65 kg/ha Soil Type Loamy Sand

K and P strategies, Goomalling 2017 No. Treatment P K N 1 Nil P, Nil K 70 2 Muriate of Potash at seeding 20 kg/ha banded 10 3 Muriate of Potash split 20 kg/ha banded + 20 kg/ha IBS 20 4 MAPSZC 25 kg/ha banded 5 MAPSZC+MOP blend 55:45, 45 kg/ha banded 6 MAPSZC+MOP blend 55:45, 45 kg/ha banded + MOP 20 kg/ha IBS 7 Vigour compound 42 kg/ha 8 MAPSZC 50 kg/ha banded 9 MAPSZC+MOP blend 70:30, 70 kg/ha banded MAPSZC+MOP blend 70:30, 70 kg/ha banded + MOP 20 kg/ha IBS 11 Vigour compound 83 kg/ha 12 Vigour compound 125 kg/ha 15

Harvest results, Goomalling 2017 No significant response to K, although Vigour was notable with lower total K than equivalent P treatments

Returns from K and P application

Value of K – South Bodallin 2017 Calingiri wheat on sand over sandy loam Depth NO3- NH4+ OC P PBI K S Cu Zn pH(Ca) Al 0-10cm 11.3 1.8 0.63 28 27 46 6 0.39 0.62 5.4 1 10-20cm 3.1 2.7 0.38 29 46.7 42 9 0.37 0.26 4.3 5.0 20-30cm 2.2 1.5 0.16 5 62.5 37 24 0.25 0.15 6.3 4 Phosphorus rates 0, 6, 12 & 18 kg P/ha as TSP or MAPSZC 4 Nitrogen rates 0, 20, 40 & 60 kg N/ha as Urea or UAN 2 Potassium rates - across all N & P rates 0 & 20 kg K/ha as MOP

Value of K – South Bodallin 2017 Biomass (NDVI) increases with increasing N and P rates. Incorporation of K further improves plant biomass and growth.

Value of K – South Bodallin 2017 Significant yield improvement from N, P & K

Value of K – Ballidu 2015 4 Phosphorus rates 4 Nitrogen rates Mace wheat on sandy loam Depth NO3- NH4+ OC P PBI K S Cu Zn pH[Ca] Al 0-10cm 12 1 0.5 14 36 6 1.3 0.31 5.47 10-20cm 0.7   15 35 4 4.47 3.1 4 Phosphorus rates 0, 6, 12 & 18 kg P/ha as TSP or MAPSZC 4 Nitrogen rates 0, 25, 50 & 75 kg N/ha as Urea or UAN 2 Potassium rates - across all N & P rates 0 & 25 kg K/ha as MOP

Value of K – Ballidu 2015 Significant yield improvement from N, P & K

Key messages Potassium is different Phosphorus is extremely important Responses to applied K unpredictable Adequate K increases the efficiency of in-season N & P applications Phosphorus is extremely important Set the foundation for achieving yield potential

Soil Amelioration & Nutrition

P x N +/- Ripping – Burracoppin 2017 Calingiri wheat on compacted, acidic sand Lime 2t/ha, spread and incorporated, January 2016, Canola crop 2016 Depth NO3- NH4+ OC P PBI K S Cu Zn pH(Ca) Al 0-10cm 5 1 0.45 20 38.8 37 8 0.22 0.14 7.1 1.20 10-20cm 2 0.28 11 40.1 40 17 0.17 0.12 5.3 1.3 20-30cm 54.2 27 29 0.08 4.4 5.20 Lime 2t/ha, spread & incorporated, January 2016 & ripped 30-35cm, Canola crop 2016 Depth NO3- NH4+ OC P PBI K S Cu Zn pH(Ca) Al 0-10cm 4 1 0.35 15 39.8 29 7 0.25 0.2 6.1 1.5 10-20cm 2 0.32 9 41.5 25 13 0.17 0.1 5.8 1.4 20-30cm 3 0.18 5 63.6 34 0.12 4.4 3.70 Soil tests April 2017

P x N +/- Ripping – Burracoppin 2017 Good summer rain, dry autumn & early winter

P x N +/- Ripping – Burracoppin 2017 No. Treatment Seeding Product (kg/ha) Top Up (L/ha) N P K S 1 P0 N0 40 MOP   20 2 P0 N30 62 Urea, 8 MAXam, 40 MOP 30 3 P0 N60 71 UAN 60 4 P0 N90 142 UAN 90 5 P0 N120 213 UAN 120 6 P6 N0 22 TSP, 16 SSP, 40 MOP 7 P6 N30 30 MAPSZC, 57 Urea, 40 MOP 8 P6 N60 9 P6 N90 10 P6 N120 11 P12 N0 53 TSP , 14 SSP , 40 MOP 12 P12 N30 30 MAPSZC, 57 Urea, 30 TSP, 40 MOP 13 P12 N60 30 MAPSZC. 57 Urea, 30 TSP, 40 MOP 14 P12 N90 15 P12 N120 16 P18 N0 83 TSP, 12 SSP, 40 MOP 18 17 P18 N30 30 MAPSZC. 57 Urea, 60 TSP , 40 MOP P18 N60 30 MAPSZC, 57 Urea, 60 TSP, 40 MOP 19 P18 N90 P18 N120 21 P24 N150 30 MAPSZC, 57 Urea, 90 TSP, 40 MOP 284 UAN 150 24 5 Phosphorus rates 0, 6, 12, 18 & 24 kg P/ha 6 Nitrogen rates 0, 30, 60, 90, 120 & 150 kg N/ha

Plant growth, Burracoppin Limited biomass response to N & P without ripping

Title

Harvest results, Burracoppin 2017

Yield & Gross Margin, Burracoppin

Key message Nutrition Considerations after soil amelioration Feed the increased yield potential for quicker payback and better returns

P influences N efficiency

P influences N efficiency

Key message Relative value of phosphorus and nitrogen Inadequate P status decreases the efficiency of in-season N applications

Summary Potassium is different Phosphorus is extremely important Responses to applied K unpredictable Adequate K increases the efficiency of in-season N & P applications Phosphorus is extremely important Set the foundation for achieving yield potential Nutrition Considerations after soil amelioration Feed the increased yield potential for quicker payback and better returns Relative value of phosphorus and nitrogen Inadequate P status decreases the efficiency of in-season N applications