Dominant IL-21 expression in TFH cells correlate with B cell pathology in HIV-infected LNs. Dominant IL-21 expression in TFH cells correlate with B cell.

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Dominant IL-21 expression in TFH cells correlate with B cell pathology in HIV-infected LNs. Dominant IL-21 expression in TFH cells correlate with B cell pathology in HIV-infected LNs. (A) Frequency of GC TFH cells that positively stained for each indicated effector molecule as determined by CyTOF. **P < 0.005 and ***P < 0.0005 by two-tailed t test (n = 7 HCs, 25 HIV+ patients). (B) Bar graph showing the frequency of single IL-21–producing T cells as a percentage of total IL-21+ T cells within each indicated TFH cell subset. *P < 0.05, **P < 0.005, and ***P < 0.0005 by two-tailed Wilcoxon signed-rank test (PBMCs: n = 4 HCs, 16 HIV+ patients; LN: n = 6 HCs, 25 HIV+ patients). (C) Plot shows the correlation between the abundance of single IL-21+ T cells (as a percentage of total IL-21+ T cells) in paired PBMCs and LNs from four HCs and 15 HIV+ individuals. Association is determined by Pearson correlation. (D) IgD+CD27− naïve B cells were excluded (also see fig. S16). Plots show gating strategy to identify switched memory B cells (IgD−CD38−) and plasma cells (IgD−CD38high) on non-naïve B cells. (E to H) Correlation between switched memory B cell and plasma cells with the abundance of single IL-21+ T cells in GC TFH cells (E and F) or CXCR5+CD45RO+ CD4+ T cells (G and H) (n = 7 HCs and 25 HIV+ patients). Association was measured by Pearson correlation (E and G) or Spearman’s rank correlation (F and H), depending on data normality as determined by D’Agostino-Pearson test. Ben S. Wendel et al. Sci. Immunol. 2018;3:eaan8884 Copyright © 2018 The Authors, some rights reserved; exclusive licensee American Association for the Advancement of Science. No claim to original U.S. Government Works