Vocabulary Unit 1 Sohns

adage- n. (S: maxim, aphorism) a proverb or wise saying bonanza – (S: windfall) n. a rich mass of iron ore; something very valuable; profitable and rewarding; a sudden profit or gain

churlish ( S: ill tempered; A: courteous, well mannered) adj churlish ( S: ill tempered; A: courteous, well mannered) adj. lacking politeness or good manners; lacking sensitivity; difficult to work with; rude citadel- (S: stronghold, bastion) n. a fortress that overlooks and protects a city; any strong, commanding place

collaborate – (S: team up) v. to work with, work together decree- n.- (S: proclamation) an order having the command of a law; v.- to issue an order or command firmly or forcefully

discordant- adj.- ( S: shrill, grating; A: harmonious) disagreeable in sound; jarring, lacking in harmony, conflicting evolve- v. (S: unfold; A: shrivel up) to develop gradually; to rise to a higher level

excerpt- n. (S: portion, section ) a passage taken from a book, article, etc.; to quote grope- v.-(S: fumble about) to feel about hesitantly with the hands

Review! *Use the side of your answer sheet* A. bonanza B. churlish C. discordant D. grope E. citadel

Unit 1B Parts two of Unit 1

hover- v. to float or hang suspended over; to move back and forth uncertainly over or around (S: linger; A: soar) jostle- v. to force or make one’s way by pushing or elbowing; to bump and shove; to compete for (S: push)

laggard- n. a person who moves slowly or falls behind ; adj laggard- n. a person who moves slowly or falls behind ; adj. falling behind or moving slowly (S: slowpoke, straggler; A: swift, speedy, early bird) plaudits- n. applause or enthusiastic approval (S: cheers; A: boos)

preclude – v. to make impossible or prevent, shut out (S: hinder; A: help, promote) revert - v. to return or go back (S: relapse; A: progress)

rubble – n.- broken stone or bricks; ruins (S: wreckage) servile- adj.- of or relating to a slave or servant; behavior suitable to a slave or servant (S: groveling; A: masterly)

vigil – n. a watch, especially at night; any period of watchful attention wrangle – v. to quarrel or argue in a noisy way; to obtain by argument (S: squabble; A: agree)