Catalyst 9/18/13 – Period 6 Answer the following questions on a Catalyst sheet by the door. Describe your environment. In your description, include how and when your environment changes, and why you need your environment. Place any tootsie roll pop sheets in the IN BOX.

Catalyst 9/18/13 – Period 10 Answer the following questions on a Catalyst sheet by the door. Describe your environment. In your description, include how and when your environment changes, and why you need your environment. Place any tootsie roll pop sheets in the IN BOX.

AGENDA 9/18/13 – Period 6 Catalyst Using the Environmental Science Textbook Scientific Method Continued Scientific Method Class Practice Ozone Layer Discussion Exit Slip

AGENDA 9/18/13 – Period 10 Catalyst Scientific Method Mini Project Environmental Science Problem

Objective 9/18/13 We will be able to explain and apply the process of science. 

During a Lesson Put all phones and other electronic devices away. No talking or noise-making. Stay seated at all times (unless you are dying.) Participate when asked. Raise your hand if you have a question RELATED to the current lesson. (Personal problems are addressed later.)

Class Discussion Expectations No disrespectful language (teasing, name-calling, cursing, etc.) Speak one at a time. Address the IDEA NOT the person. Clarify another student’s response by rephrasing or asking a clarifying question. Avoid general statements like “all _____ people do______” Use “I” statements Take notes to keep track of good ideas that may come up Be mindful of “air time.”

Scientist observed that white mice that were fed seeds appeared to grow more than mice given vegetables. The scientists hypothesized that the protein in the seeds was responsible for the growth. They designed an experiment to test this hypothesis. They divided 200 mice of the same age, size, health, and sex into two groups of 100 mice each. The mice were kept under identical conditions for 14 days. One group was given a diet low in protein. The other group was given a normal protein diet. The mass of each mouse was recorded daily for 14 days.  1. What conditions were kept constant in both groups of mice?  2. What was the independent variable?  3. What was the dependent variable? 4. What was the problem that the scientists were investigating?

Applying sci. method Step 1: Problem: Which battery lasts longer, Energizer or Duracell? Step 2: Step 3: Step 4: Step 5: Step 6: Step 7:

The Ozone Layer http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qUfVMogIdr8

What Science Is and Is Not Lesson 1.2 The Nature of Science What Science Is and Is Not Science is an organized way of studying the natural world, and the knowledge gained from such studies. Science assumes that the natural world functions in accordance with rules that do not change. Science does not deal with the supernatural. Science relies on evidence from measurements and observations. Scientific ideas are “supported,” not “proven,” and “accepted,” not “believed in.”

Lesson 1.2 The Nature of Science The Process of Science Science involves asking questions, making observations, seeking evidence, sharing ideas, and analyzing results. Science is not linear—the process loops back on itself and follows many different paths. Science is a dynamic, creative endeavor.

Vision for this Environmental Science Course Understand the great environmental problems of today Evaluate the solutions for these problems Create your own personal solutions for these problems

Environmental Science Problem One of the environmental science problems we discussed was the hole in the Ozone Layer. Take a computer from the laptop cart. Research an environmental science problem that you would like to learn more about. Use Google, your textbook, National Geographic, Discovery Channel, and etc. to learn more about the different environmental science problems of today. You may work in pairs or by yourself. As you do your research, jot down the important details you learned AND where you got the information from (link if it’s a website OR page number if from your textbook) You can keep track of websites using Google Docs if you’d like. **

Environmental Science Classwork Read/re-read pages 12 – 20. Answer the Lesson 2 Assessment on page 20.

During Classwork Time Stay focused on the assignments you are given. Do the questions INDEPENDENTLY (on your own). Keep the noise level down. Ask THREE before you ask ME. You may put earphones on and listen to music quietly as you do your work. You must finish a certain number of questions (depends on the person) by the end of the period.

Exploration and Discovery Lesson 1.2 The Nature of Science Exploration and Discovery Many investigations start with the observation of a phenomenon that the scientist wishes to explain. Observations can be made with the eye, with instruments, or by reading scientific literature. Observations can happen unexpectedly or be planned. Observations often lead to questions and may be shared with colleagues.

Lesson 1.2 The Nature of Science Hypotheses Scientists attempt to answer questions by devising hypotheses—testable ideas Hypotheses: Explain a phenomenon or answer a scientific question Generate predictions that can be checked with models or direct observation (A prediction is the expected observation if the hypothesis is true.) Can be supported or rejected by data May prompt new hypotheses

Lesson 1.2 The Nature of Science Gathering Data Scientists test predictions by gathering evidence in the form of data. If data match predictions, hypothesis is supported. If data do not match predictions, hypothesis is rejected. Data can come from an experiment or observational studies; ideally experiments and studies are controlled and repeated. Did You Know? Gulls are protected by the Migratory Bird Treaty Act, and government agencies like the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service continually collect data on seagull populations and habitats.

Community Analysis and Feedback Lesson 1.3 The Community of Science Community Analysis and Feedback After completing their study, scientists: Present their work and get feedback from other researchers at conferences Write papers about their study Submit papers for publication in a journal Many journals are peer-reviewed, meaning scientists review papers submitted for publication, recommend changes, and reject or accept the paper for publication.

Replication and Self-Correction Lesson 1.3 The Community of Science Replication and Self-Correction Hypotheses should be tested several times, in several ways, before they are accepted. Interpretations of data can change over time as knowledge accumulates. Sometimes reinterpretations can be drastic, but most of the time they are minor adjustments to an accepted idea. Science constantly refines and improves itself. Did You Know? Scientists believed the sun and planets revolved around the Earth until Nicolaus Copernicus proved this was false in the 1500s.

Scientific Theory-Building Lesson 1.3 The Community of Science Scientific Theory-Building A hypothesis is a testable explanation for a narrow set of phenomena, while a theory is a broader explanation for a wider range of observations. Both hypotheses and theories must be testable, supported by multiple lines of evidence, and replicated to be accepted by the scientific community.