<month year> doc: IEEE 802.15-05-0394-00-003c July 2006 Project: IEEE P802.15 Working Group for Wireless Personal Area Networks (WPANs) Submission Title: [Saleh-Valenzuela Channel Model Parameters for Library Environment] Date Submitted: [July 2006] Source: [Alexei Davydov, Alexander Maltsev, Ali Sadri] Company: [Intel Corporation] Address: [Intel Corporation, 603950 Turgeneva 30, Nizhny Novgorod, Russia], E-mail: [alexei.davydov@intel.com, alexander.maltsev@intel.com, ali.sadri@intel.com] Abstract: [This contribution contains the parameters for Saleh-Valenzuela channel model with direction-of-arrival extension extracted from IMST data for library environment] Purpose: [Contribution to 802.15 TG3c at July 2006 meeting in San-Diego, USA] Notice: This document has been prepared to assist the IEEE P802.15. It is offered as a basis for discussion and is not binding on the contributing individual(s) or organization(s). The material in this document is subject to change in form and content after further study. The contributor(s) reserve(s) the right to add, amend or withdraw material contained herein. Release: The contributor acknowledges and accepts that this contribution becomes the property of IEEE and may be made publicly available by P802.15. Alexei Davydov (Intel Corporation) <author>, <company>

July 2006 Goals Present estimated parameters for Saleh-Valenzuela model with direction-of-arrival extension (currently considered by 802.15.3c channel model subgroup) for library environment Minimize the impact of TX/RX antenna patterns in IMST measurements data on extracted parameters of the channel model Alexei Davydov (Intel Corporation)

Measurements Scenarios <month year> doc: IEEE 802.15-05-0394-00-003c July 2006 Measurements Scenarios Library environment with tables, chairs and metal bookshelves with books 3 main types of measurement scenarios LOS: unobstructed line of sight conditions Edge: partially obstructed line of sight by the edge of a metal bookshelf NLOS: non line of sight obstructed by a densely filled bookshelf 3 types of RX antennas (horn, wideband dipole array antenna, biconical) Fixed TX lens antenna position at the suspended ceiling, RX measurements range ~2-5m Time resolution is 1/960MHz ≈ 1ns Two types of virtual uniform antenna arrays for direction of arrival analysis 501x1 uniform linear array with 1mm antenna spacing (los scenarios) 301x51 uniform planar antenna array with 1mm antenna spacing (edge scenario) The blue colored measurement scenarios were considered for model development / parameters extraction Alexei Davydov (Intel Corporation) <author>, <company>

Measurements Scenarios Plan July 2006 Measurements Scenarios Plan LOS NLOS Edge Measurements data for biconical RX antenna in pure NLOS scenario is not available Alexei Davydov (Intel Corporation)

Saleh-Valenzuela Channel Model <month year> doc: IEEE 802.15-05-0394-00-003c July 2006 Saleh-Valenzuela Channel Model L – Number of clusters Kl – Number of MPC in the lth cluster KLOS – LOS K factor KMP – Cluster K factor αk,l – MPC complex amplitude Tl – Time of arrival of lth cluster τk,l – Relative time of arrival for kth MPC within lth cluster θk,l – Relative direction of arrival for kth MPC within lth cluster Θl – Direction of arrival of lth cluster δ(·) – Delta function 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 5 15 25 35 Delay, [ns] Relative Power, [dB] KLOS KMP Alexei Davydov (Intel Corporation) <author>, <company>

Inter-Cluster Parameters (1) July 2006 Inter-Cluster Parameters (1) -150 -100 -50 50 100 150 0.005 0.01 0.015 Cluster DoA, [deg] Probability Density Empirical pdf Uniform pdf -150 -100 -50 50 100 150 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1 Cluster DoA, [deg] Cumulative Density Empirical cdf Uniform cdf 00 – reference direction: RX antenna pointed in the TX antenna direction. Uniform distribution may be used for cluster DoA modeling. Alexei Davydov (Intel Corporation)

Inter-Cluster Parameters (2) July 2006 Inter-Cluster Parameters (2) 5 10 15 20 25 30 0.05 0.1 0.15 0.2 0.25 Probability Density Cluster inter-arrival time, [ns] Empirical cdf Exponetial cdf 5 10 15 20 25 30 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1 Cumulative Density Cluster inter-arrival time, [ns] Empirical cdf Exponetial cdf Poisson process (Λ = 4, [ns-1]) may be used to model cluster arrival times Alexei Davydov (Intel Corporation)

Inter-Cluster Parameters (3) 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 -50 -40 -30 -20 -10 Cluster arrival time, [ns] Relative Power, [dB] Empirical data Linear LS fit 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 -50 -40 -30 -20 -10 Cluster arrival time, [ns] Relative Power, [dB] Empirical data Linear LS fit <month year> doc: IEEE 802.15-05-0394-00-003c July 2006 Inter-Cluster Parameters (3) Flat-Exp aprx of cluster PDP Exp aprx of cluster PDP KLOS = 8, [dB] KLOS = 8, [dB] Δ = 11, [dB] τ = 30, [ns] Cluster decay (Γ = 12 [ns]) was estimated from clusters arriving with delays > 30 ns Cluster amplitude is defined as maximum amplitude ray in the cluster. Cluster amplitudes were normalized to the amplitude of the LOS component. Note: Amplitudes of cluster arriving with delay < 30 [ns] are affected by TX beam shaped antenna. Two approximations of cluster PDP are possible. Alexei Davydov (Intel Corporation) <author>, <company>

Intra-Cluster MPC parameters (1) <month year> doc: IEEE 802.15-05-0394-00-003c July 2006 Intra-Cluster MPC parameters (1) Probability Density MPC normalized DoA Empirical pdf Normal pdf Laplacian pdf Cumulative Density MPC normalized DoA Empirical cdf Normal cdf Laplacian cdf Various empirical pdf’s for MPC DoA estimated from the measurements data may be approximately described by common Gaussian distribution with fixed angle spread (σAS = 100). Alexei Davydov (Intel Corporation) <author>, <company>

Intra-Cluster MPC parameters (2) July 2006 Intra-Cluster MPC parameters (2) 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 0.5 1.5 2.5 3.5 4.5 Probability Density MPC inter-arrival time, [ns] Empirical pdf Exponetial pdf 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 Cumulative Density MPC inter-arrival time, [ns] Poisson process (λ = 4, [ns-1]) may be used to model intra-cluster MPC arrival times Alexei Davydov (Intel Corporation)

Intra-Cluster MPC parameters (3) <month year> doc: IEEE 802.15-05-0394-00-003c July 2006 Intra-Cluster MPC parameters (3) 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 -35 -30 -25 -20 -15 -10 -5 5 MPC relative arrival time, [ns] Relative Power, [dB] Empirical data Linear LS fit 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 -35 -30 -25 -20 -15 -10 -5 5 MPC relative arrival time, [ns] Relative Power, [dB] Empirical data Linear LS fit 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 -35 -30 -25 -20 -15 -10 -5 5 MPC relative arrival time, [ns] Relative Power, [dB] Empirical data Linear LS fit Intra-cluster MPC amplitudes were normalized to the amplitude of the maximum ray (cluster amplitude). Clusters were divided in three group (arriving in delay intervals [0..30] ns , [30..60] ns, [60..90] ns). Estimation of ray decay constant and cluster K factor were made separately for each group. Cluster ToA interval from 0 ns to 30 ns Cluster ToA interval from 30 ns to 60 ns Cluster ToA interval from 60 ns to 90 ns Different ray decay constant (γ) and cluster K-factor (KMP) were observed in the measurements data for different cluster groups Alexei Davydov (Intel Corporation) <author>, <company>

Intra-Cluster MPC parameters (4) <month year> doc: IEEE 802.15-05-0394-00-003c July 2006 Intra-Cluster MPC parameters (4) 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 4 6 8 12 14 16 Cluster Delay, [ns] Ray Decay, [ns] Empirical data Linear LS fit 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 -18 -16 -14 -12 -10 -8 -6 -4 -2 Cluster Delay, [ns] Cluster K factor, K M P [dB] Empirical data Linear LS fit Linear function of intra-cluster ray decay constant from cluster delay γ gives good approximation to empirical data Linear function with saturation of cluster K factor (KMP, [dB]) from cluster delay gives good approximation to empirical data Alexei Davydov (Intel Corporation) <author>, <company>

Intra-Cluster MPC parameters (5) July 2006 Intra-Cluster MPC parameters (5) 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.2 1.4 Probability Density MPC amplitude Empirical pdf Log-normal pdf Rayleigh pdf 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 Cumulative Density MPC amplitude Empirical cdf Log-normal cdf Rayeigh cdf Log-normal distribution (σ2 = 6 [dB]) may be used for intra-cluster MPC amplitude modeling. Rayeligh distribution gives worse approximation of empirical data. Alexei Davydov (Intel Corporation)

Shadow region with blocked LOS component July 2006 Edge Scenario 100 200 300 400 500 -130 -125 -120 -115 -110 -105 -100 -95 -90 Spacing, [mm] Relative Power, [dB] Shadow region with blocked LOS component LOS region The scenario with blocked LOS component (“partial NLOS”) can covered with LOS model by dropping the direct path by 10-15 dB and keeping the remaining parameters unchanged. Alexei Davydov (Intel Corporation)

Extracted channel model parameters <month year> doc: IEEE 802.15-05-0394-00-003c July 2006 Extracted channel model parameters Inter-cluster Power Delay Profile parameters Exponential PDP: K factor KLOS = 8 [dB], cluster decay Γ = 12 [ns] Flat-Exponential PDP: K factor KLOS = 8 [dB], cluster decay Γ = 12 [ns], Δ = 11 [dB], τ = 30 [ns] Inter-cluster DoA – Uniform distribution Intra-cluster DoA – Gaussian (Angles Spread (AS) σAS = 10 [0]) Inter-cluster ToA / Intra-cluster ToA – Poisson (Λ = 0.25 [ns-1] / λ = 4 [ns-1]) Cluster* / Ray amplitude – Log-normal (σ1 = 5 [dB] / σ2 = 6 [dB]) Intra-cluster K factor KMP = min(μ·Tl + η, 0) [dB] (μ = 0.16 [dB/ns], η = -16.1 [dB]) Exponential ray decay γ = ρ·Tl + ν [ns] (ρ = 0.12, ν = 4.5 [ns]) Summary of the model parameters for LOS scenario. For partial NLOS the LOS component shall be dropped by 10-15 [dB] keeping remaining parameters of the channel unchanged. Note: Two approximations of cluster PDP are proposed: Exponential PDP - for TX omni-directional antenna mounted at the suspended ceiling. Flat-exponential PDP - for TX beam-shaped antenna mounted at the suspended ceiling. Alexei Davydov (Intel Corporation) <author>, <company>

July 2006 Summary Based on IMST measurements data the parameters of Sale-Valenzuela channel models with DoA extension were extracted for the LOS scenario in library environment Exponential PDP - for TX omni-directional antenna Flat-exponential PDP - for TX beam-shaped antenna NLOS scenario (with blocked direct path) may be covered by LOS model by dropping the direct path by 10-15dB Different RX antenna patterns may be taken into account in the framework of the proposed channel models Alexei Davydov (Intel Corporation)

Back up Channel generation procedure Matlab code Examples July 2006 Alexei Davydov (Intel Corporation)

Channel Generation Procedure July 2006 Channel Generation Procedure Initialize the channel parameters Generate cluster’s parameters Cluster time of arrival / angle of arrival / amplitude For each cluster generate MPC’s parameters Ray decay / Cluster K factor / time of arrival / angle of arrival / amplitude Alexei Davydov (Intel Corporation)

Example of impulse response generation routine <month year> doc: IEEE 802.15-05-0394-00-003c July 2006 Matlab code This code should be considered just as an example Example of impulse response generation routine Alexei Davydov (Intel Corporation) <author>, <company>

Modeled channel impulse responses <month year> doc: IEEE 802.15-05-0394-00-003c July 2006 Modeled channel impulse responses 50 100 150 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 Delay, [ns] Relative Power, [dB] 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 20 40 Delay, [ns] Direction of Arrival, [deg] Relative Power, [dB] 1-D Instantaneous impulse response 2-D Instantaneous impulse response Alexei Davydov (Intel Corporation) <author>, <company>