European Expansion The era of the Renaissance and Reformation was accompanied by the emergence of a modern capitalist economy and an age of exploration and expansion.

Read the Docs and Answer the Following…. Be ready to discuss To what extent as the Western World motivated by material forces to explore the globe? What material factors inspired Western Europeans to search for new lands and peoples? In what sense was the voyage of Columbus a continuation of the medieval crusades? Why did Europeans and not non-Europeans take the leadership in the Age of Discovery? Why was the non-European less concerned with exploring the world around him?

Revival of Capitalism Decline of Capitalism in Middle Ages Economic-self sufficiency Growth of Trade Italian city-states Northern Europe- Hanseatic League on North and Baltic Sea London Paris Amsterdam Antwerp Bruges Banking Growth of trade- over course of middle ages a change occurred in the economy of Western Europe Manorial system decaying Trade increased and towns grew in number and size – crusades contributed significantly to revival of trade Italy – city states benefited most Banking as economic activity increased, so did demands for capital- Medici family, Fugger family of Augsburg

Beginning of European Exploration Began to look outwards and explore unknown coasts in search of trade and wealth Prince Henry the Navigator, Portugal (1394-1460) Ferdinand and Isabella of Spain- Columbus Elizabeth I of England Treaty of Tordesillas in 1494- Spain and Portugal Portuguese Bartolomeu Dias (1451-1500) rounded the Cape of Good Hope- Southern tip of Africa in 1487 Vasco DaGama reached India in late 1490s Columbus made voyages to the Caribbean beginning in 1492 Magellan circumnavigated the globe 1519-22 Cortes- Aztec empire in Mexico 1519-21 Pizzaro – Incan Empire 1531 English first settlement- Jamestown in 1607

Causes of European Exploration Monarchs desire to expand territory and income Merchants sought trade routes to India and China to avoid middlemen in the Middle East- especially after 1453 Renaissance ideas fostered a spirit of inquiry and adventure- encouraged pursuit of individual goals and fame New Technology in construction and operation of sailing ships Adventurers sought fame and fortune Missionaries sought to convert non-Christians

Religious Motivations Economic Motivations Religious Motivations Rise of Ottoman Empire Loss of Overland Route

Outcomes of First Wave of European Imperialism Immense influx of commodities- precious metals and spices, silk, tea, coffee, chocolate, tobacco, and porcelain Rise of the slave trade between Africa and the Americas Prices rise in Europe- vast amounts of new gold and silver Great new understanding of geography and shape of world- sea becomes a highway Commercial Revolution – changes in investment and production- rise of domestic system- new industries, new banking practices

Outcomes of First Wave of European Imperialism Rise of the East India Companies 1600 onwards Mercantilism Export more than you import Trade as much as possible with colonies, take raw materials and export manufactured goods State sponsors of manufacturing ventures Accumulate as much gold and silver as possible Object was to increase government revenue by increasing national wealth

Outcomes of First Wave of European Imperialism Encounters with unknown cultures Columbian Exchange Promotion of capitalism Rise of the Atlantic World of trade, war, emigration, and ideas including Africa, the Americas, and Europe

of the Age of Exploration The Legacy Source: http://www.wwnorton.com/college/history/worlds/images/map4_1.jpg