DATA SNAPSHOT Perry County Data SnapShot Series 1.1 May 2015

Hometown Collaboration Initiative This report has been produced by the Purdue Center for Regional Development as a part of the Indiana Hometown Collaboration Initiative (HCI). HCI is funded, in part, by the Indiana Office of Community and Rural Affairs.

01 03 02 04 Table of contents Introduction Economy Demography Labor Market

01 introduction Purpose About Perry County

Introduction Purpose This document provides information and data about Perry County that can be used to guide local decision- making activities. The Data SnapShot showcases a variety of demographic, economic and labor market information that local leaders, community organizations and others can use to gain a better perspective on current conditions and opportunities in their county. To strengthen the value and usability of the information, we showcase the data using a variety of visual tools, such as charts, graphs and tables. In addition, we offer key points about the data as a way of assisting the user with the interpretation of the information presented. Finally, short takeaway messages are offered at the end of each section in order to highlight some of the more salient findings. section 01

Hoosier National Forest Introduction About Perry County County Background Established 1814 County Seat Tell City Area 386 sq. mi. Neighboring Counties Breckinridge, KY Crawford, IN Dubois, IN Hancock, KY Meade, KY Spencer, IN Hoosier National Forest section 01

02 demography Population change Population pyramids Race Ethnicity Educational attainment Takeaways 02 demography

Population change 2000 2010 2013 2020 Total population projections Demography Population change Total population projections The total population is projected to decrease by 1 percent between 2013 and 2020. 2000 2010 2013 2020 The county’s total population increased by 3 percent between 2000 and 2013. The major contributor to that expansion was natural increase (births minus deaths over that span of time) with a net growth of 343 persons. Data on domestic migration (the difference between the number of people moving into the county versus moving out) show that out-migration outpaced in-migration by nearly 380 people. On the other hand, international migration had a net increase of 77, indicating that the county experienced a minor influx of new people from outside the U.S. Components of Population Change, 2000-2013 Total Change -67* Natural Increase 343 International Migration 77 Domestic Migration -379 section 02 *Total change in population differs from the sum of the components due to Census estimation techniques. Residuals (not reported here) make up the difference. Sources: STATSIndiana, U.S. Census Bureau – 2000 Decennial Census, 2010 Decennial Census, 2013 Estimates, Estimates of the Components of Resident Population Change

Demography Population pyramids Population pyramids are visual representations of the age distribution of the population by gender. 2000 2013 Male Female Male Female There are proportionately more males than females in Perry County. Approximately 51.7 % of the population was male in 2000 (9,771 people) and that percent increased to 53.5% (10,467 people) in 2013. The distribution of people across the various age categories changed as well, with a larger share of people shifting into the higher age groupings over the 2000 to 2013 time period. In particular, people 50 and over swelled from 13.9% to 18.6% for males and from 16.8% to 19.5% for females between 2000 and 2013. Individuals of prime working age -- 20-49 years old -- slipped from 24.4% to 23.1% for males and from 19.1% to 15.8% for females. The percent of residents under 20 years of age also declined over the same time period. section 02 Source: U.S. Census Bureau – 2000 Decennial Census and 2013 Annual Population Estimates

Demography Race 2000 The number of non-White residents in Perry County increased by 2 percentage points between 2000 and 2013. While every race experienced a numerical increase, the number of Blacks, Asians, or people of Two or More Races doubled since the 2000 population, helping to expand the population of Other Races from 2 percent to 4 percent of the total population by 2013. 2013 section 02 Race Data Source: U.S. Census Bureau – 2000 Decennial Census and 2013 Annual Population Estimates

1% 1% Ethnicity Demography Hispanics - 2000 Hispanics are individuals of any race whose ancestry are from Mexico, Puerto Rico, Cuba, Spain, the Dominican Republic or any other Spanish- speaking Central or South American country. There were 133 Hispanics residing in Perry County in 2000. This figure expanded to 246 by 2013, an 85 percent increase. Despite this increase in the number of Hispanics, they still only represented one percent of the population in 2013. 1% Hispanics - 2013 1% section 02 Source: U.S. Census Bureau – 2000 Decennial Census and 2013 Annual Population Estimates

Educational attainment Demography Educational attainment Perry County had a 5 percentage point increase in the number of adults (25 and older) with an associate’s, bachelor’s or graduate degree from 2000 to 2013. The proportion of adults 25 years of age and older with a high school education or more improved from 75 percent in 2000 to 84 percent by 2013. Residents with less than a high school education fell by 9 percentage points from 2000 to 2013; however, those with only a high school degree increased by 2 percentage points to 47 percent in the same time period. Adults with a college degree increased from 14 percent in 2000 to 19 percent in 2013. This was due to a 4 percentage point growth in residents with associate’s degrees (4 percent versus 8 percent), while adults with a bachelor's degree or more increased from 10 percent to 11 percent, a 1 percentage point growth. . 2000 2013 section 02 Source: U.S. Census Bureau – 2000 Decennial Census and 2013 ACS

Demography Takeaways The educational attainment of adults 25 years old and over has improved since 2000, with an impressive decline in the percentage of adults with less than a high school education. At the same time, the proportion of residents with a high school education only remains sizable (at 47 percent). Taking time to assess whether local economic development opportunities might be impeded by the presence of a sizable number of adults with a terminal high school degree may be worthy of attention. While nearly one in five adult residents in the county has an associate’s or a bachelor’s degree or more, this figure is about 14 percentage points lower than that of the state of Indiana for adults 25 plus years of age. Perry County may wish to assess the job skills of workers with a high school education only. Determining if such skills align with the needs of local businesses and industries – both now and in the future -- may be worth exploring. The population of Perry County is expected to fall over the next few years, and if past trends hold, that decrease will be due mainly to domestic out- migration (more people moving out of the county for other U.S. locations than moving to the county from other U.S. places). The gender gap in the county varies across age groupings. For example, the gender imbalance is greatest among persons of prime working age (20- 49 years) with men representing a larger share of the population than women. But, females make up a larger percentage of the 70 plus age population. The population of Perry County is getting older, on average, with a larger percent of the population now being 60 years of age or older. Moreover, a sizable number of people in the 50-59 working age population is nearing retirement age. As such, the percent of men and women of prime working age (20-29, 30-39 and 40-49) continues to decline. section 02

03 economy Establishments Industries Occupations Income and poverty Takeaways 03 economy

0 1 3 4 Establishments Definition of Company Stages Economy The number of establishments in Perry County increased 55 percent from 2000 to 2011. The rapid growth of establishments was largely due to natural change. That is, 1,101 establishments were launched in the county between 2000-2011 while 666 closed, resulting in a net gain of 435 establishments. There was a gain of 14 establishments due to net migration. An establishment is a physical business location. Branches, standalones and headquarters are all considered types of establishments. Definition of Company Stages 0 1 Components of Change for Establishments Total Change (2000-11) 449 Natural Change (births minus deaths) 435 Net Migration 14 Self-employed 2-9 employees 3 10-99 employees 100-499 employees 4 500+ employees section 03 Note: The 2011 figures use 2012 data to include all gains and losses over the entire year. Establishment information was calculated in-house and may differ slightly from publicly available data. Source: National Establishment Time Series (NETS) – 2012 Database

Number of establishments by stage/employment category Economy Number of establishments by stage/employment category 2000 2011 Stage Establishments Proportion Stage 0 239 30% 449 35% Stage 1 464 57% 703 56% Stage 2 100 12% 8% Stage 3 11 1% Stage 4 - -* Total 814 100% 1,263 The company that is indicated to be Stage 4 by ReferenceUSA is Waupaca, Inc. NETS has the company listed as a Stage 3 firm with 260 employees in 2011, which is not the largest establishment in Perry County. However, they do show the establishment’s employment in 2006 to be 760. The Indiana Department of Workforce Development also lists Waupaca, Inc as the largest employer in Perry County. The NETS Database is derived from the Dun & Bradstreet archival national establishment data, a population of known establishments in the United States that is quality controlled and updated annually. Establishments include both private and public sector business units and range in size from one employee (i.e., sole-proprietors and self-employed) to several thousand employees. *ReferenceUSA indicates one Stage 4 company, however, NETS records this company as a Stage 3 establishment. Additional information is available on the next slide. section 03 Note: The 2011 figures use 2012 data to include all gains and losses over the entire year. Source: National Establishment Time Series (NETS) – 2012 Database

Top five employers in 2015 Economy Establishment Stage 1. Waupaca Foundry Stage 4 2. Branchville Correctional Facility Stage 3 3. Walmart Supercenter 4. Perry County Memorial Hospital 5. Accent Marketing The top five employers produce a mix of local and local export goods and services. Waupaca Foundry in Tell City is the largest establishment-level employer in Perry County. Both Waupaca Foundry and Accent Marketing produce mainly local export goods and services, while the Branchville Correctional Facility, Walmart Supercenter, and Perry County Memorial Hospital primarily support the local community. Information on the top five establishments by employment comes from ReferenceUSA. ReferenceUSA is a library database service provided by Infogroup, the company that also supplies the list of major employers for Hoosiers by the Numbers. While both NETS and ReferenceUSA contain establishments, differences in data collection processes result in discrepancies between the two sources. We use NETS for a broad picture of establishments in the county, while ReferenceUSA is used for studying individual establishments. section 03 Source: ReferenceUSA (Infogroup) and Purdue Extension Community Development Southwest Regional Office

Number of jobs by stage/employment category Economy Number of jobs by stage/employment category 2000 2011 Stage Jobs* Proportion Stage 0 239 4% 449 7% Stage 1 1,729 27% 2,254 32% Stage 2 2,371 36% 2,376 34% Stage 3 2,149 33% 1,912 Stage 4 - Total 6,488 100% 6,991 section 03 *Includes both full-time and part-time jobs Note: The 2011 figures use 2012 data to include all gains and losses over the entire year. Source: National Establishment Time Series (NETS) – 2012 Database

Amount of sales (2011 dollars) by stage/employment category Economy Amount of sales (2011 dollars) by stage/employment category 2000 2011 Stage Sales Proportion Stage 0 $26,873,034 3% $28,190,229 4% Stage 1 $189,127,250 23% $161,337,489 26% Stage 2 $240,740,609 30% $211,595,242 34% Stage 3 $353,733,622 44% $222,337,600 36% Stage 4 - Total $810,474,516 100% $623,460,560 section 03 Note: The 2011 figures use 2012 data to include all gains and losses over the entire year. Source: National Establishment Time Series (NETS) – 2012 Database

Economy Top five industries in 2013 67.2 percent of jobs are tied to one of the top five industries in Perry County. Manufacturing is the largest industry sector (2,132 jobs). Health Care & Social Assistance is the smallest of the top industry sectors with 481 jobs. Four of these top five industries primarily serve the local population, suggesting that the county’s economy is focused on local services. Of the top five industries in Perry County, Manufacturing (+26.1 percent) and Accommodation & Food Services (+21.2 percent) gained jobs between 2002 and 2013. The other three top five industries lost jobs over the same time period, with Health Care & Social Assistance losing the most, 9.4 percent. section 03 Source: Economic Modeling Specialists International (EMSI) – 2014.3 – QCEW Employees, Non-QCEW Employees, Self-Employed, and Extended Proprietors

Industry distribution and change Economy Industry distribution and change NAICS Code Description Jobs 2002 Jobs 2013 Change (2002-2013) % Change (2002-2013) Average Total Earnings 2013 11 Agriculture, Forestry, Fishing & Hunting 487 463 -24 -5% $29,364 21 Mining, Quarrying, & Oil & Gas Extraction 45 28 -17 -38% $18,580 22 Utilities 57 50 -7 -12% $70,531 23 Construction 413 401 -12 -3% $29,411 31-33 Manufacturing 1,691 2,132 441 26% $64,025 42 Wholesale Trade 90 68 -22 -24% $61,994 44-45 Retail Trade 966 931 -35 -4% $22,281 48-49 Transportation & Warehousing 159 195 36 23% $35,271 51 Information 55 53 -2 $52,129 52 Finance & Insurance 268 307 39 15% $102,761 Real Estate & Rental & Leasing 174 331 157 90% $30,850 54 Professional, Scientific & Technical Services 149 147 -1% $35,945 Management of Companies and Enterprises 32 27 -5 -16% $41,964 56 Administrative & Waste Management 231 226 -2% $25,471 61 Educational Services (Private) 15 13 87% $13,527 62 Health Care & Social Assistance 531 481 -50 -9% $32,239 71 Arts, Entertainment & Recreation 74 59 -15 -20% $18,735 72 Accommodation and Food Services 520 630 110 21% $14,130 81 Other Services (except Public Administration) 474 403 -71 -15% $21,640 Government 1,579 1,537 -42 $47,175 99 Unclassified Industry 0% $0 All Total 8,007 8,496 489 6% $42,685 section 03 Note: Average total earnings include wages, salaries, supplements and earnings from investments and proprietorships. Source: Economic Modeling Specialists International (EMSI) – 2014.3 – QCEW Employees, Non-QCEW Employees, Self-Employed, and Extended Proprietors

Industry distribution and change Economy Industry distribution and change The largest percentage gains in employment in Perry County occurred in: Real Estate and Rental and Leasing (+90.2 percent) Educational Service, private (+86.7 percent) The largest percentage losses in employment occurred in: Mining, Quarrying, and Oil and Gas Extraction (-38.7 percent) Wholesale Trade (-24.4 percent) Employment Increase Employment Decrease Industries with the largest gains and losses in employment numbers between 2002 & 2013: Manufacturing (+441) Real Estate (+157) Accommodation & Food Services (+110) Other Services (-71) Health Care & Social Assistance (-50) Government (-42) section 03 Source: Economic Modeling Specialists International (EMSI) – 2014.3 – QCEW Employees, Non-QCEW Employees, Self-Employed, and Extended Proprietors

Top five occupations in 2013 Economy Top five occupations in 2013 The top five occupations in Perry County represent 55.5 percent of all jobs. Production (1,542 jobs) is the top occupation in Perry County. Food Preparation & Serving is the smallest of the top five occupations, with 641 jobs. Four of the top five occupations focus on providing local services; however, production occupations are the exception if their manufactured goods are exported to other counties, states, or countries. Of the five top occupations in Perry County, Production (+26.5 percent), Food Preparation (+19.1 percent), and Sales & Related (+13.0 percent) occupations had the largest percentage increase in jobs from 2002 to 2013. Office & Administrative Support (-12.7 percent) occupations lost the largest proportion of jobs. section 03 *Management occupations include farm managers, so changes in jobs may be related to changes in the number of farm proprietorships. Source: Economic Modeling Specialists International (EMSI) – 2014.3 – QCEW Employees, Non-QCEW Employees, Self-Employed, and Extended Proprietors

Occupation distribution and change Economy Occupation distribution and change SOC Description Jobs 2002 Jobs 2013 Change (2002-2013) % Change (2002-2013) Hourly Earnings 2013 11 Management 794 789 -5 -1% $20.76 13 Business & Financial Operations 247 268 21 9% $28.30 15 Computer & Mathematical 50 48 -2 -4% $25.04 17 Architecture & Engineering 152 147 -3% $32.06 19 Life, Physical & Social Science 33 30 -3 -9% $25.31 Community & Social Service 112 86 -26 -23% $18.92 23 Legal 43 36 -7 -16% $30.17 25 Education, Training & Library 239 487 248 104% $17.54 27 Arts, Design, Entertainment, Sports & Media 124 108 -16 -13% $17.11 29 Health Care Practitioners & Technical 391 244 -147 -38% $26.80 31 Health Care Support 223 170 -53 -24% $11.59 Protective Service 182 140 -42 $16.55 35 Food Preparation & Serving Related 538 641 103 19% $8.91 37 Building & Grounds Cleaning Maintenance 219 292 73 33% $9.54 39 Personal Care & Service 316 290 -8% $9.26 41 Sales & Related 897 1,014 117 13% $13.46 Office & Administrative Support 837 731 -106 $14.29 45 Farming, Fishing & Forestry 61 20 49% $13.01 47 Construction & Extraction 412 393 -19 -5% $15.14 49 Installation, Maintenance & Repair 315 341 26 8% $18.74 51 Production 1,219 1,542 323 26% $16.43 53 Transportation & Material Moving 534 555 4% $14.74 55 Military 62 0% $18.10 99 Unclassified 22 -19% $15.76 All Total 8,007 8,496 489 6% $16.24 section 03 Source: Economic Modeling Specialists International (EMSI) – 2014.3 – QCEW Employees, Non-QCEW Employees, Self-Employed, and Extended Proprietors

Occupation distribution and change Economy Occupation distribution and change The largest percentage gains in employment in Perry County occurred in: Education, Training, and Library (+103.8 percent) Farming, Fishing, and Forestry (+48.8 percent) The largest percentage losses in employment occurred in: Health Care Practitioners and Technical (-37.6 percent) Health Care Support (-23.8 percent) Occupations with the largest gains and losses in employment numbers between 2002 & 2013: Production (+323) Education, Training, & Library (+248) Health Care Practitioners (-147) Office & Administrative (-106) Employment Increase Employment Decrease The health care and social assistance industry sector increased, whereas both the health-oriented occupations (practitioners/technical and support) have shown a decrease. This indicates that hospital jobs have not increased; likely only social assistance jobs have increased. section 03 Source: Economic Modeling Specialists International (EMSI) – 2014.3 – QCEW Employees, Non-QCEW Employees, Self-Employed, and Extended Proprietors

Income and poverty Economy 2000 2006 2013 Total Population in Poverty 8.8% 12.3% 14.2% Minors (up to age 17) in Poverty 10.8% 16.4% 19.4% Real Median Household Income (2013)* $49,187 $47,309 $45,722 Real Per Capita Income (2013)* $30,357 $31,788 $32,577 The median household income in Perry County dipped by $3,500 between 2000 and 2013 in real dollars (that is, adjusted for inflation), while average income per person rose by $2,200 in real dollars over the same time period. The total population in poverty swelled from 8.8 percent to 14.2 percent between 2000 and 2013. The rate for minors was even higher, increasing by nearly nine percentage points over the same period of time. *Real median household income is the middle income value in the county. Half of the county’s households fall above this line and half below. Real per capita personal income is the average income per person in the county. section 03 Source: U.S. Census Bureau – Small Area Income and Poverty Estimates (SAIPE) and U.S. Bureau of Economic Analysis – Regional Personal Income Summary

Economy Income and poverty Median household income in Perry County has experienced significant fluctuation over time, showing some improvement since 2012. However, per capita income has been gradually increasing since 2000. Poverty rates for adults and minors have gradually increased since 2000, and the 2013 rates remain high relative to the early 2000s. section 03 Source: U.S. Census Bureau – Small Area Income and Poverty Estimates (SAIPE) and U.S. Bureau of Economic Analysis – Regional Personal Income Summary

Economy Real median income has gradually decreased and poverty has increased in Perry County since 2000. As of 2013, poverty rates for minors and the total population had not yet stabilized, and they remain considerably higher than was the case in 2000. The fluctuations and decline in real median income experienced since 2000 may be tied to employment changes in various industries in the county during that time period. Job losses occurred in both low and high paying industries. While the largest job gains occurred in Manufacturing, with average earnings of $64,000, large job gains also occurred in Accommodation & Food Services with average earnings of only $13,500. The largest job losses between 2000 and 2013 occurred in occupations paying over $25 per hour, while the largest job gains over the same time period were in occupations paying less than $18 per hour. The ability to capture good paying jobs will depend on the availability of a well-trained and educated workforce, something that may be challenging in light of the smaller percentage of adults in the county with an associate’s degree or higher. Takeaways Growth in the number of establishments in Perry County occurred in businesses with fewer than 10 employees (the self- employed and Stage 1 enterprises), components of the local economy that are often overlooked but deserve closer attention by local leaders. While growth in establishments and employment between 2000 and 2011 can be attributed to Stage 0 and Stage 1 enterprises, the number of establishments in Stages 2 and 3 remained unchanged. However, Stage 2 establishments comprise 34 percent of jobs but are only eight percent of establishments. Perry County might consider focusing on economic development efforts that seek to strengthen high-growth Stage 1 and 2 establishments since they employ several people and capture sizable sales. section 03

04 labor market Labor force and unemployment Commuteshed Laborshed Workforce inflow/outflow Takeaways 04 labor market

Labor force and unemployment Labor market Labor force and unemployment The number of individuals in the labor force in Perry County has not changed between 2002 and 2013. The number of individuals in the county’s labor force has remained approximately the same, and with the population increase, the labor force participation rate decreased by three percentage points between 2000 and 2013 to 60 percent. In addition, the unemployment rose by 2 percentage points from 2002 to 2013, indicating that the individuals in the labor force are experiencing more difficulty finding jobs than they were in 2002. 2002 2013 Labor Force 9,424 9,475 Unemployment Rate 5.2% 7.3% section 04 Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics – Local Area Unemployment Statistics (2013 Annual Data Release)

Labor market Unemployment rate Unemployment increased dramatically after 2007, peaking at 10.2 percent in 2009. Since that time, the rate has been on a slow but steady decline, dipping to 7.3 percent by 2013. section 04 Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics – Local Area Unemployment Statistics (2013 Annual Data Release)

Commuteshed Labor market Same Work/ Out-Commuters Home A county’s commuteshed is the geographic area to which its resident labor force travels to work. Sixty-seven percent of employed residents in Perry County commute to jobs located outside of the county. Dubois County, Indiana, is the biggest destination for residents who work outside of the county. Twenty-two percent of out-commuters work in counties adjacent to Perry County; however, the second largest work destination outside Perry County is the Evansville metropolitan area (Vanderburgh County), and fifth largest is the Indianapolis metropolitan area (Marion County). 6,189 3,044 Commuters Proportion Dubois, IN 1,168 12.7% Vanderburgh, IN 549 5.9% Spencer, IN 467 5.1% Hancock, KY 378 4.1% Marion, IN 304 3.3% section 04 Source: U.S. Census Bureau – Longitudinal Employer-Household Dynamics (LEHD)

Commuteshed in 2011 Labor market Seventy percent of Perry County’s working residents are employed in Dubois, Marion, Perry, Posey, Spencer or Vanderburgh Counties in Indiana or Daviess and Hancock Counties in Kentucky. Another 5 percent commute to Gibson, Warrick or Knox County, Indiana. An additional 5 percent travel to jobs in Allen, Crawford, Daviess, Lake or Tippecanoe Counties in Indiana. Collectively, these 16 counties represent 80 percent of the commuteshed for Perry County. section 04 Source: U.S. Census Bureau, OTM, LEHD, PCRD

Laborshed Labor market Same Work/ In-Commuters Home A county’s laborshed is the geographic area from which it draws employees. Forty-five percent of individuals working in Perry County commute from another county. Eighteen percent of in-commuters reside in counties adjacent to Perry County. Spencer County, Indiana, is the biggest source of outside labor for Perry County; however, the fifth largest residential source of laborers outside Perry County is the Evansville metropolitan area (Vanderburgh County). 2,515 3,044 Commuters Proportion Spencer, IN 499 9.0% Hancock, IN 311 5.6% Daviess, IN 243 4.4% Dubois, IN 157 2.8% Vanderburgh, IN 142 2.6% section 04 Source: U.S. Census Bureau – Longitudinal Employer-Household Dynamics (LEHD)

Laborshed in 2011 Labor market The bulk (70 percent) of Perry County’s workforce is drawn from Hancock County, Kentucky, Spencer County, Indiana, and Perry County, Indiana. Another 5 percent is drawn from Dubois, Vanderburgh or Warrick Counties in Indiana. An additional 5 percent comes from Daviess County, Kentucky. Combined, the seven counties represent 80 percent of Perry County’s laborshed. section 04 Source: U.S. Census Bureau, OTM, LEHD, PCRD

Workforce inflow and outflow in 2011 Labor market Workforce inflow and outflow in 2011 Perry County has more laborers traveling out of the county for work than into the county for work. Net commuting is negative, with a loss of 3,674 commuters. The resulting situation is that for every 100 employed residents, Perry County has 60 jobs. Count Proportion Employed in Perry County 5,559 100% Both employed and living in the county 3,044 55% Employed in the county but living outside 2,515 45% Living in Perry County 9,233 Both living and employed in the county 33% Living in the county but employed outside 6,189 67% section 04 Source: U.S. Census Bureau, OTM, LEHD, PCRD

Takeaways Labor market Approximately 70 percent of Perry County’s residents in the workforce are gainfully employed outside of the county. This represents a tremendous loss of human talent that is unavailable to contribute to the social and economic vitality of the county. It may be worthwhile for local leaders and industries to determine the human capital attributes of workers who commute to jobs outside the county. By so doing, they could be positioned to determine how best to reduce the leakage of educated and skilled workers to surrounding counties. Of course, this will require expansion in the number of good paying jobs that will help keep these workers in their home county. The laborshed and commuteshed data offer solid evidence of the value of pursuing economic and workforce development on a regional (multi-county) basis. The Great Recession that impacted the U.S. economy between 2007 and 2009 took a major toll on the Perry County’s unemployment rate. While the rate was quite low in 2000, it skyrocketed to over 10 percent by 2009. Recent figures make clear that the unemployment rate has steadily improved since 2009. Despite the modest increase in the population of Perry County over the past decade or more, the number of individuals in the county’s labor force has remained the same since 2002. The decrease in the labor force participation rate and increase in the unemployment rate between 2002 and 2013 indicates that the Great Recession has likely made it more difficult to find a job in Perry County, leading to a larger proportion of discouraged workers (workers who have given up trying to find a job) in the county. section 04

Notes OTM (On the Map): OTM, a product of LEHD program, is used in the county snapshot report to develop commuting patterns for a geography from two perspectives: place of residence and place of work. At the highly detailed level of census blocks, some of the data are synthetic to maintain confidentiality of the worker. However, for larger regions mapped at the county level, the commuteshed and laborshed data are fairly reasonable. OTM includes jobs for a worker employed in the reference as well as previous quarter. Hence, job counts are based on two consecutive quarters (six months) measured at the “beginning of a quarter.” OTM data can differ from commuting patterns developed from state annual income tax returns, which asks a question about “county of residence” and “county of work” on January 1st of the tax-year. OTM can also differ from American Community Survey data, which is based on a sample survey of the resident population. SAIPE (Small Area Income and Poverty Estimates): SAIPE is a U.S. Census Bureau program that provides annual data estimates of income and poverty statistics at various geographic levels. The estimates are used in the administration of federal and state assistance programs. SAIPE utilizes statistical models to estimate data from sample surveys, census enumerations, and administrative records. LAUS (Local Area Unemployment Statistics): LAUS is a U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) program that provides monthly and annual labor force, employment and unemployment data by place of residence at various geographic levels. LAUS utilizes statistical models to estimate data values based on household surveys and employer reports. These estimates are updated annually. Annual county- level LAUS estimates do not include seasonal adjustments. LEHD (Longitudinal Employer-Household Dynamics): LEHD is a partnership between U.S. Census Bureau and State Department of Workforce Development (DWD) to provide labor market and journey to work data at various geographic levels. LEHD uses Unemployment Insurance earnings data and Quarterly Census of Employment and Wages from DWDs and census administrative records related to individuals and businesses. NETS (National Establishment Time Series): NETS is an establishment-level database, not a company-level database. This means that each entry is a different physical location, and company-level information must be created by adding the separate establishment components.

Report Contributors This report was prepared by the Purdue Center for Regional Development in partnership with Purdue University Extension. Report Authors Elizabeth Dobis Bo Beaulieu, Ph.D. Data Analysis Indraneel Kumar, Ph.D. Ayoung Kim Report Design Tyler Wright

FOR MORE INFORMATION Please contact Sara Dzimianski County Extension Educator, Agriculture & Natural Resources 812-547-7084 sdzimian@purdue.edu PCRD Mann Hall, Suite 266 Purdue University 765-494-7273 pcrd@purdue.edu Purdue Extension Community Development (CD) . . . works to strengthen the capacity of local leaders, residents and organizations to work together to develop and sustain strong, vibrant communities. OR Purdue Center for Regional Development (PCRD) . . . seeks to pioneer new ideas and strategies that contribute to regional collaboration, innovation and prosperity.